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Polymer Banknotes: A Review of Materials, Design, and Printing

Author

Listed:
  • Amirmohammad Rafiei

    (Polymer Engineering Department, Science and Research Branch, Azad University, Tehran 1477893855, Iran)

  • Amirhossein Karimi

    (The Polymer, Recycling, Industrial, Sustainability and Manufacturing Research Institute, Technological University of Shannon: Midlands Midwest (Athlone Campus), University Road, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland)

  • Mahdi Bodaghi

    (Department of Engineering, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK)

Abstract

Nowadays, more than 45 countries in the world use polymer banknotes in their monetary and banking systems. It is expected that by 2030, another 20 countries will abandon the use of paper banknotes and switch to polymer banknotes. Recent research shows that several countries in the Middle East and the European Union will switch to printing and using polymer banknotes soon due to the advantages of polymer banknotes. Polymer banknotes are made of polymeric materials. They possess very special optical security features and promote sustainability in the world, which motivated us to review recent materials, design, optical technologies, and printing methods in this respect. Since the topic of polymer banknotes is new and there are not many articles and research about them, this review specifically focuses on the structure of the constituent materials and security features and their reuse with an emphasis on sustainability and environmentally friendly banknotes. Specifically, analyses of 3D polymer films and the security properties of polymer banknotes are carried out. Finally, comparison studies with paper banknotes are performed, and pertinent conclusions are outlined.

Suggested Citation

  • Amirmohammad Rafiei & Amirhossein Karimi & Mahdi Bodaghi, 2023. "Polymer Banknotes: A Review of Materials, Design, and Printing," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-22, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:4:p:3736-:d:1072254
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Francisco Vásquez-Garay & Isabel Carrillo-Varela & Claudia Vidal & Pablo Reyes-Contreras & Mirko Faccini & Regis Teixeira Mendonça, 2021. "A Review on the Lignin Biopolymer and Its Integration in the Elaboration of Sustainable Materials," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-15, March.
    2. Charles Spencer, 2011. "Supplementary article: Paying with Polymer: Developing Canada’s New Bank Notes," Bank of Canada Review, Bank of Canada, vol. 2011(Spring), pages 37-45.
    3. McClintock, Ronan & Whymark, Roy, 2016. "Bank of England notes: the switch to polymer," Bank of England Quarterly Bulletin, Bank of England, vol. 56(1), pages 23-32.
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