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Green Regenerative Bamboo Lignin-Based Epoxy Resin: Preparation, Curing Behavior, and Performance Characterization

Author

Listed:
  • Jiayao Yang

    (School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China)

  • Jie Fei

    (School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China)

  • Xingxing Wang

    (School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China)

Abstract

The dependence of conventional epoxy resins on fossil fuels and the environmental and health hazards associated with bisphenol A (BPA) demand the creation of sustainable alternatives. Because lignin is a natural resource and has an aromatic ring skeleton structure, it could be used as an alternative to fossil fuels. This study effectively resolved this challenge by utilizing a sustainable one-step epoxidation process to transform lignin into a bio-based epoxy resin. The results verified the successful synthesis of epoxidized bamboo lignin through systematic characterization employing Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, hydrogen spectroscopy/two-dimensional heteronuclear single-quantum coherent nuclear magnetic resonance, quantitative phosphorus spectroscopy, and gel permeation chromatography. Lignin-based epoxy resins had an epoxy equivalent value of 350–400 g/mol and a weight-average molecular weight of 4853 g/mol. Studies on the curing kinetics revealed that polyetheramine (PEA-230) demonstrated the lowest apparent activation energy (46.2 kJ/mol), signifying its enhanced curing efficiency and potential for energy conservation. Mechanical testing indicated that the PEA-230 cured network demonstrated the maximum tensile strength (>25 MPa), whereas high-molecular-weight polyetheramine (PEA-2000) imparted enhanced elongation to the material. Lignin-based epoxy resins demonstrated superior heat stability. This study demonstrates the conversion of bamboo lignin into bio-based epoxy resins using a simple, environmentally friendly synthesis process, demonstrating the potential to reduce fossil resource use, efficiently use waste, develop sustainable thermosetting materials, and promote a circular bioeconomy.

Suggested Citation

  • Jiayao Yang & Jie Fei & Xingxing Wang, 2025. "Green Regenerative Bamboo Lignin-Based Epoxy Resin: Preparation, Curing Behavior, and Performance Characterization," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(13), pages 1-15, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:17:y:2025:i:13:p:6201-:d:1695933
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