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Meta-Analysis as Early Evidence on the Particulate Emissions Impact of EURO VI on Battery Electric Bus Fleet Transitions

Author

Listed:
  • Jon Tivey

    (Environment, First Bus, First Group, Aberdeen AB24 5RP, UK)

  • Huw C. Davies

    (Future Transport and Cities Research Institute, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK)

  • James G. Levine

    (Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK)

  • Josias Zietsman

    (Texas Transportation Institute, Texas A&M University System, College Station, TX 77843, USA)

  • Suzanne Bartington

    (Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK)

  • Sergio Ibarra-Espinosa

    (Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
    Global Monitoring Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Boulder, CO 80305, USA)

  • Karl Ropkins

    (Transport Studies, Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK)

Abstract

The current generation of Zero Emission Vehicle (ZEV) policies are designed to accelerate the transition away from conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) petrol and diesel vehicle fleets. However, the current focus on zero exhaust emissions and the lack of more detailed guidance regarding Non-Exhaust Emissions (NEEs) may mean that some of the trade-offs in transitioning to, e.g., Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV) fleets may be missed by many in the commercial sector. Here, as part of early work on the scoping of the First Bus EURO VI Diesel Vehicle (E6DV) to BEV fleet upgrades, we estimate E6DV total particulate emissions to be ca. 62–85 and 164–213 mg.veh − 1 .km − 1 for P M 2.5 and P M 10 , respectively, and that the majority, typically 93–97%, are NEEs. We also discuss the complex interaction between E6DV/BEV properties and estimate potential changes resulting from the transition to BEVs as ranging from a decrease of ca. 2–12% to an increase of ca. 12–50% depending on a combination of weight difference, regenerative brake performance and journey type. Finally, we propose metrics that would allow fleet operators more insight into a wider range of emission outcomes at the scoping stage of a fleet upgrade.

Suggested Citation

  • Jon Tivey & Huw C. Davies & James G. Levine & Josias Zietsman & Suzanne Bartington & Sergio Ibarra-Espinosa & Karl Ropkins, 2023. "Meta-Analysis as Early Evidence on the Particulate Emissions Impact of EURO VI on Battery Electric Bus Fleet Transitions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-30, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:2:p:1522-:d:1034139
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Pieter Jan Kole & Ansje J. Löhr & Frank G. A. J. Van Belleghem & Ad M. J. Ragas, 2017. "Wear and Tear of Tyres: A Stealthy Source of Microplastics in the Environment," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-31, October.
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