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The Relationship between Climate Change, Variability, and Food Security: Understanding the Impacts and Building Resilient Food Systems in West Pokot County, Kenya

Author

Listed:
  • Everlyne B. Obwocha

    (World Agroforestry (ICRAF), P.O. Box 30766-00100, Nairobi 00100, Kenya)

  • Joshua J. Ramisch

    (School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada)

  • Lalisa Duguma

    (World Agroforestry (ICRAF), P.O. Box 30766-00100, Nairobi 00100, Kenya)

  • Levi Orero

    (World Agroforestry (ICRAF), P.O. Box 30766-00100, Nairobi 00100, Kenya)

Abstract

This study integrated local and scientific knowledge to assess the impacts of climate change and variability on food security in West Pokot County, Kenya from 1980–2012. It characterized rainfall and temperature from 1980–2011 and the phenology of agricultural vegetation, assessed land use and land cover (LULC) changes, and surveyed local knowledge and perceptions of the relationships between climate change and variability, land use decisions, and food (in)security. The 124 respondents were aware of long-term changes in their environment, with 68% strongly believing that climate has become more variable. The majority of the respondents (88%) reported declining rainfall and rising temperatures, with respondents in the lowland areas reporting shortened growing seasons that affected food production. Meteorological data for 1980–2011 confirmed high inter-annual rainfall variability around the mean value of 973.4 mm/yr but with no notable trend. Temperature data showed an increasing trend between 1980 and 2012 with lowlands and highlands showing changes of +1.25 °C and +1.29 °C, respectively. Land use and land cover changes between 1984 and 2010 showed cropland area increased by +4176% (+33,138 ha), while grassland and forest areas declined by –49% (–96,988 ha) and –38% (–65,010 ha), respectively. These area changes illustrate human-mediated responses to the rainfall variability, such as increased stocking after good rainfall years and crop area expansion. The mean Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) values ranged from 0.36–0.54 within a year, peaking in May and September. For weather-related planning, respondents relied on radio (64%) and traditional forecasters (26%) as predominant information sources. Supporting continuous climate change monitoring, intensified early warning systems, and disseminating relevant information to farmers could help farmers adopt appropriate adaptation strategies.

Suggested Citation

  • Everlyne B. Obwocha & Joshua J. Ramisch & Lalisa Duguma & Levi Orero, 2022. "The Relationship between Climate Change, Variability, and Food Security: Understanding the Impacts and Building Resilient Food Systems in West Pokot County, Kenya," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(2), pages 1-35, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:2:p:765-:d:722207
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    Cited by:

    1. Morel, Kevin & Cartau, Karine, 2023. "Adaptation of organic vegetable farmers to climate change: An exploratory study in the Paris region," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 210(C).
    2. Michael Hübler & Brian Ogenrwoth & Ronald Walusimbi & Peter Ssali & Jackline Bonabana & Samuel Kyamanywa, 2025. "The impact of weather shocks on food security in Uganda: a panel regression analysis," Food Security: The Science, Sociology and Economics of Food Production and Access to Food, Springer;The International Society for Plant Pathology, vol. 17(4), pages 957-978, August.
    3. Lilian Wangui Ndungu & John Bosco Kyalo Kiema & David Nyangau Siriba & Denis Macharia Muthike & Samuel Wamathai Ndungu, 2022. "A Forward Future-Based Approach to Optimizing Agriculture and Climate Change Adaptation in Lower Eastern Kenya," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-14, November.

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