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Seismotectonics of Shallow-Focus Earthquakes in Venezuela with Links to Gravity Anomalies and Geologic Heterogeneity Mapped by a GMT Scripting Language

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  • Polina Lemenkova

    (Laboratory of Image Synthesis and Analysis (LISA), École Polytechnique de Bruxelles (Brussels Faculty of Engineering), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Building L, Campus de Solbosch, ULB—LISA CP165/57, Avenue Franklin D. Roosevelt 50, 1000 Brussels, Belgium)

  • Olivier Debeir

    (Laboratory of Image Synthesis and Analysis (LISA), École Polytechnique de Bruxelles (Brussels Faculty of Engineering), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Building L, Campus de Solbosch, ULB—LISA CP165/57, Avenue Franklin D. Roosevelt 50, 1000 Brussels, Belgium)

Abstract

This paper presents a cartographic framework based on algorithms of GMT codes for mapping seismically active areas in Venezuela. The data included raster grids from GEBCO, EGM-2008, and vector geological layers from the USGS. The data were iteratively processed in the console of GMT, converted by GDAL, formatted, and mapped for geophysical data visualisation; the QGIS was applied for geological mapping. We analyzed 2000 samples of the earthquake events obtained from the IRIS seismic database with a 25-year time span (1997–2021) in order to map the seismicity. The approach to linking geological, topographic, and geophysical data using GMT scripts aimed to map correlations among the geophysical phenomena, tectonic processes, geological setting, seismicity, and earthquakes. The practical application of the GMT scripts consists in automated mapping for the visualization of geological risks and hazards in the mountainous region of the Venezuelan Andes. The proposed method integrates the approach of GMT scripts with state-of-the-art GIS techniques, which demonstrated its effectiveness as a tool for mapping spatial datasets and rapid data processing in an iterative regime. In this context, using GMT and GIS to find similarities between the regional earthquake distribution and the geological and topographic setting is essential for hazard risk assessment. This study can serve as a basis for predictive seismic analysis in geologically vulnerable regions of Venezuela. In addition to a technical demonstration of GMT algorithms, this study also contributes to geological and geophysical mapping and seismic hazard assessments in South America. We present the full scripts used for mapping in a GitHub repository.

Suggested Citation

  • Polina Lemenkova & Olivier Debeir, 2022. "Seismotectonics of Shallow-Focus Earthquakes in Venezuela with Links to Gravity Anomalies and Geologic Heterogeneity Mapped by a GMT Scripting Language," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-21, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:23:p:15966-:d:988788
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. A. Castillo & F. López-Almansa & L. Pujades, 2011. "Seismic risk analysis of urban non-engineered buildings: application to an informal settlement in Mérida, Venezuela," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 59(2), pages 891-916, November.
    2. Bismark Adu-Gyamfi & Rajib Shaw, 2022. "Risk Awareness and Impediments to Disaster Preparedness of Foreign Residents in the Tokyo Metropolitan Area, Japan," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(18), pages 1-18, September.
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    4. Hai-Min Lyu & Jack Shuilong Shen & Arul Arulrajah, 2018. "Assessment of Geohazards and Preventative Countermeasures Using AHP Incorporated with GIS in Lanzhou, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(2), pages 1-21, January.
    5. Efthimios Karymbalis & Maria Andreou & Dimitrios-Vasileios Batzakis & Konstantinos Tsanakas & Sotirios Karalis, 2021. "Integration of GIS-Based Multicriteria Decision Analysis and Analytic Hierarchy Process for Flood-Hazard Assessment in the Megalo Rema River Catchment (East Attica, Greece)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(18), pages 1-25, September.
    6. Polina Lemenkova, 2022. "Handling Dataset with Geophysical and Geological Variables on the Bolivian Andes by the GMT Scripts," Data, MDPI, vol. 7(6), pages 1-18, June.
    7. Xiang Zheng & Chuyao Feng & Mikio Ishiwatari, 2022. "Examining the Indirect Death Surveillance System of The Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(19), pages 1-15, September.
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    Cited by:

    1. Polina Lemenkova & Olivier Debeir, 2023. "Quantitative Morphometric 3D Terrain Analysis of Japan Using Scripts of GMT and R," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-29, January.

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