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Evaluating the Influence of Nitrogen Fertilizers and Biochar on Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis by the Use of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy

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  • Daniela Losacco

    (National Council of Research-Water Research Institute, CNR-IRSA, 70132 Bari, Italy
    Department of Biology, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy)

  • Claudia Campanale

    (National Council of Research-Water Research Institute, CNR-IRSA, 70132 Bari, Italy)

  • Marina Tumolo

    (National Council of Research-Water Research Institute, CNR-IRSA, 70132 Bari, Italy
    Department of Biology, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy)

  • Valeria Ancona

    (National Council of Research-Water Research Institute, CNR-IRSA, 70132 Bari, Italy)

  • Carmine Massarelli

    (National Council of Research-Water Research Institute, CNR-IRSA, 70132 Bari, Italy)

  • Vito Felice Uricchio

    (National Council of Research-Water Research Institute, CNR-IRSA, 70132 Bari, Italy)

Abstract

The exponential growth of the human population requires an increasing application of nitrogen (N) fertilizers, causing environmental pollution. Biochar (B) amended soil has been suggested as a sustainable agricultural practice to improve crop yield and mitigate agricultural pollutants’ contamination. Evaluating the effect of fertilization on Brassica crops, in combination with spectral analysis, may specify changes in the chemical composition of the vegetable as a result of N fertilization. This study characterized cauliflower tissues treated with N fertilizer and biochar, employing Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy. The experiment was conducted in cauliflower mesocosms treated with two doses of N fertilizer (130 and 260 kg N ha −1 ) with or without B. Attenuated total reflectance fractions were used to characterize fractions of curds, leaves, stems, and roots in the infrared using a Fourier transform. Principal component analysis was performed to classify the main differences among cauliflower tissues concerning treatments. FTIR spectra of Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis tissues were related to nitrogen-based agricultural practices. The specific molecules associated with functional groups in cauliflower tissues were phenols, amides, proteins, amines, and glucosinolates. Biochar amended soil resulted in higher peaks that correspond to the stretching of phenols and proteins. The application of sustainable nitrogen fertilizers might influence the absorption bands characteristic of cauliflower’s typical metabolites. The research allows the identification of Brassicaceae’s functional molecules with a potential agronomic application.

Suggested Citation

  • Daniela Losacco & Claudia Campanale & Marina Tumolo & Valeria Ancona & Carmine Massarelli & Vito Felice Uricchio, 2022. "Evaluating the Influence of Nitrogen Fertilizers and Biochar on Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis by the Use of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-13, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:19:p:11985-:d:922376
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Daniela Losacco & Valeria Ancona & Domenico De Paola & Marina Tumolo & Carmine Massarelli & Angela Gatto & Vito Felice Uricchio, 2021. "Development of Ecological Strategies for the Recovery of the Main Nitrogen Agricultural Pollutants: A Review on Environmental Sustainability in Agroecosystems," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-17, June.
    2. Zhen Cao & Zhenjie Wang & Zhonglin Shang & Jiancheng Zhao, 2017. "Classification and identification of Rhodobryum roseum Limpr. and its adulterants based on fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and chemometrics," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 12(2), pages 1-14, February.
    3. Tei, Francesco & De Neve, Stefaan & de Haan, Janjo & Kristensen, Hanne Lakkenborg, 2020. "Nitrogen management of vegetable crops," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 240(C).
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