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Phytoremediation of Composite Industrial Effluent using Sacred Lotus ( Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn): A Lab-Scale Experimental Investigation

Author

Listed:
  • Arwa A. AL-Huqail

    (Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Piyush Kumar

    (Agro-Ecology and Pollution Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology and Environmental Science, Gurukula Kangri (Deemed to be University), Haridwar 249404, Uttarakhand, India)

  • Ebrahem M. Eid

    (Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61321, Saudi Arabia
    Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Mostafa A. Taher

    (Biology Department, Faculty of Science and Arts, King Khalid University, Mohail Assir 61321, Saudi Arabia
    Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Aswan University, Aswan 81528, Egypt)

  • Pankaj Kumar

    (Agro-Ecology and Pollution Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology and Environmental Science, Gurukula Kangri (Deemed to be University), Haridwar 249404, Uttarakhand, India)

  • Bashir Adelodun

    (Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin PMB 1515, Nigeria
    Department of Agricultural Civil Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea)

  • Željko Andabaka

    (University of Zagreb, Faculty of Agriculture, Svetosimunska 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia)

  • Boro Mioč

    (University of Zagreb, Faculty of Agriculture, Svetosimunska 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia)

  • Valentino Držaić

    (University of Zagreb, Faculty of Agriculture, Svetosimunska 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia)

  • Archana Bachheti

    (Department of Environment Science, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun 248002, Uttarakhand, India)

  • Jogendra Singh

    (Agro-Ecology and Pollution Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology and Environmental Science, Gurukula Kangri (Deemed to be University), Haridwar 249404, Uttarakhand, India)

  • Vinod Kumar

    (Agro-Ecology and Pollution Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology and Environmental Science, Gurukula Kangri (Deemed to be University), Haridwar 249404, Uttarakhand, India
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Ivan Širić

    (University of Zagreb, Faculty of Agriculture, Svetosimunska 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia)

Abstract

This study investigates the phytoremediation of composite industrial effluent (CIE) released from multiple industries within the SIIDCUL cluster, Haridwar, India, using the sacred lotus ( Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn) plant. Batch-mode phytoremediation experiments were conducted using three selected concentrations (0%: borewell water as control, 50%, and 100%) of CIE for 45 days. Results show that the N. nucifera plant significantly reduced loads of physicochemical and heavy metal pollutants of CIE. In particular, the maximal removal of total dissolved solids (TDS: 89.56%), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD: 78.20%), chemical oxygen demand (COD: 79.41%), total Kjeldahl’s nitrogen (TKN: 86.48%), phosphorus (P: 76.37%), cadmium (Cd: 70.37%), copper (Cu: 85.82%), chromium (Cr: 68.61%), iron (Fe: 72.86%), lead (Pb: 76.92%), and zinc (Zn: 74.51%) pollutants was noted in the 50% CIE concentration treatment. Heavy metal bioaccumulation and translocation factor values (>1) for root and leaf parts show that the N. nucifera plant was a hyperaccumulator. However, the contents of heavy metals were higher in the root than the leaf part of the N. nucifera plant. Moreover, the selected plant growth attributes such as fresh plant biomass (760.70 ± 8.77 g/plant; without flowers), chlorophyll content (4.30 ± 0.22 mg/g fwt.), plant height (154.05 ± 4.55 cm), root length (70.35 ± 2.42 cm), leaf spread (41.58 ± 0.26 cm), number of leaves (10.00 ± 1.00 per plant), and number of flowers (16.00 ± 2.00) were also maximal in the 50% CIE concentration. This study provides a sustainable approach towards the effective biotreatment of noxious mixed effluent using plant-based green technology.

Suggested Citation

  • Arwa A. AL-Huqail & Piyush Kumar & Ebrahem M. Eid & Mostafa A. Taher & Pankaj Kumar & Bashir Adelodun & Željko Andabaka & Boro Mioč & Valentino Držaić & Archana Bachheti & Jogendra Singh & Vinod Kumar, 2022. "Phytoremediation of Composite Industrial Effluent using Sacred Lotus ( Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn): A Lab-Scale Experimental Investigation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-13, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:15:p:9500-:d:878763
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Omena Bernard Ojuederie & Olubukola Oluranti Babalola, 2017. "Microbial and Plant-Assisted Bioremediation of Heavy Metal Polluted Environments: A Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-26, December.
    2. Asadul Hoque & Muhammad Mohiuddin & Zhan Su, 2018. "Effects of Industrial Operations on Socio-Environmental and Public Health Degradation: Evidence from a Least Developing Country (LDC)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-22, October.
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