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Assessment of the Suitability of Wintering Anatidae Habitats before and after Impoundment in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region

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  • Xiuming Li

    (Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China)

  • Ruimei Cheng

    (Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment, State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
    Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China)

  • Wenfa Xiao

    (Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment, State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
    Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China)

  • Ge Sun

    (Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China)

  • Tian Ma

    (Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China)

  • Fuguo Liu

    (Experimental Centre of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China)

  • Xiaoyun Liu

    (Experimental Centre of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China)

  • Fawen Qian

    (Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China)

  • Kaijun Pan

    (Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China)

Abstract

In this study, we aimed to understand the distribution of and changes in the habitats suitable for Anatidae wintering in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region (TGRR), China, and to explore the impact of the impoundment during different impoundment periods. Based on species occurrence data for four dominant species of Anatidae and environmental factors, a maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model was used to analyze the suitability of habitats during five impoundment periods. The results show that the main factors affecting Anatidae distribution were temperature and roads before the Three Gorges Project (TGP) and elevation after the TGP. After the TGP, the area of the suitable habitat declined rapidly and then gradually increased with increasing water level. After impoundment, the primary area of increased habitat suitability was the main stream of the Yangtze River from Changshou District to Yunyang County and its tributary in the Kaizhou area. Among the habitats, the central water regions were more suitable than the marginal shoal areas. Anatidae habitats in the TGRR were distributed mainly within the Yangtze River main stream and the surrounding areas before the TGP, and the surrounding areas largely disappeared after the TGP, particularly in Chongqing City and Jiangjin District. In this context, it is challenging to create new protected areas within the habitat suitable for Anatidae in the main stream of the Yangtze River; we propose adding the Anatidae as conservation targets within the existing conservation agencies and implementing a waterbird monitoring program for scientific waterbird conservation and the sustainable development of the reservoir.

Suggested Citation

  • Xiuming Li & Ruimei Cheng & Wenfa Xiao & Ge Sun & Tian Ma & Fuguo Liu & Xiaoyun Liu & Fawen Qian & Kaijun Pan, 2021. "Assessment of the Suitability of Wintering Anatidae Habitats before and after Impoundment in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-12, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:9:p:4743-:d:542016
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Li, Xueyan & Si, Yali & Ji, Luyan & Gong, Peng, 2017. "Dynamic response of East Asian Greater White-fronted Geese to changes of environment during migration: Use of multi-temporal species distribution model," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 360(C), pages 70-79.
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    Cited by:

    1. Xian Liu & Ying Qiu & Zuli Zheng & Qingwen Hong & Yanjiao Zhang & Qiao Qian & Baodan Wan & Qunli Chen, 2022. "Spatiotemporal Changes in Waterfowl Habitat Suitability in the Caohai Lake Wetland and Responses to Human Activities," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-18, November.

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