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The Potential of Locally-Sourced European Protein Sources for Organic Monogastric Production: A Review of Forage Crop Extracts, Seaweed, Starfish, Mussel, and Insects

Author

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  • Marleen Elise van der Heide

    (Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
    Centre for Circular Bioeconomy, Aarhus University, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark)

  • Lene Stødkilde

    (Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
    Centre for Circular Bioeconomy, Aarhus University, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark)

  • Jan Værum Nørgaard

    (Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark)

  • Merete Studnitz

    (International Centre for Research in Organic Food Systems, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark)

Abstract

Organic monogastric agriculture is challenged because of a limited availability of regional and organic protein-rich ingredients to fulfill the amino acid requirements. The development of novel feed ingredients is therefore essential. The use of starfish ( Asterias rubens ), mussel ( Mytilus edilus ), insect, green and brown seaweed, and forage crop extracts exhibits different approaches to increase protein availability in a sustainable manner through improving the protein quality of existing ingredients, better use of under- or unutilized material, or development of circular bioeconomy. This review assessed limitations and opportunities of producing, processing, and using these novel ingredients in feed. The use of non-renewable resources and the effect on the environment of production and processing the feed ingredients are described. Protein concentration and amino acid quality of the feed ingredients are evaluated to understand their substitution potential compared with protein-rich soya bean and fishmeal. Feedstuffs’ effect on digestibility and animal performance is summarized. With the exception of seaweed, all novel ingredients show potential to partly substitute fishmeal or soya bean fulfilling part of the protein requirement in organic monogastric production. However, improvements during production and processing can be made to enhance protein quality, sustainability of the novel ingredients, and nutrient utilization of novel feed ingredients.

Suggested Citation

  • Marleen Elise van der Heide & Lene Stødkilde & Jan Værum Nørgaard & Merete Studnitz, 2021. "The Potential of Locally-Sourced European Protein Sources for Organic Monogastric Production: A Review of Forage Crop Extracts, Seaweed, Starfish, Mussel, and Insects," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-30, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:4:p:2303-:d:502710
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Santamaría-Fernández, M. & Molinuevo-Salces, B. & Lübeck, M. & Uellendahl, H., 2018. "Biogas potential of green biomass after protein extraction in an organic biorefinery concept for feed, fuel and fertilizer production," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 129(PB), pages 769-775.
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    Cited by:

    1. Rajeev Ravindran & Sybrandus Koopmans & Johan P. M. Sanders & Helena McMahon & James Gaffey, 2021. "Production of Green Biorefinery Protein Concentrate Derived from Perennial Ryegrass as an Alternative Feed for Pigs," Clean Technol., MDPI, vol. 3(3), pages 1-14, September.

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