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Integrated Surface-Groundwater Modelling of Nitrate Concentration in Mediterranean Rivers, the Júcar River Basin District, Spain

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  • Diana Yaritza Dorado-Guerra

    (Research Institute of Water and Environmental Engineering (IIAMA), Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain)

  • Javier Paredes-Arquiola

    (Research Institute of Water and Environmental Engineering (IIAMA), Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain)

  • Miguel Ángel Pérez-Martín

    (Research Institute of Water and Environmental Engineering (IIAMA), Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain)

  • Harold Tafur Hermann

    (Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Palmira 111321, Colombia)

Abstract

High nutrient discharge from groundwater (GW) into surface water (SW) have multiple undesirable effects on river water quality. With the aim to estimate the impact of anthropic pressures and river–aquifer interactions on nitrate status in SW, this study integrates two hydrological simulation and water quality models. PATRICAL models SW–GW interactions and RREA models streamflow changes due to human activity. The models were applied to the Júcar River Basin District (RBD), where 33% of the aquifers have a concentration above 50 mg NO 3 − /L. As a result, there is a direct linear correlation between the nitrate concentration in rivers and aquifers (Júcar r 2 = 0.9, and Turia r 2 = 0.8), since in these Mediterranean basins, the main amount of river flows comes from groundwater discharge. The concentration of nitrates in rivers and GW tends to increase downstream of the district, where artificial surfaces and agriculture are concentrated. The total NO 3 − load to Júcar RBD rivers was estimated at 10,202 tN/year (239 kg/km 2 /year), from which 99% is generated by diffuse pollution, and 3378 tN/year (79 kg/km 2 /year) is discharged into the Mediterranean Sea. Changes in nitrate concentration in the RBD rivers are strongly related to the source of irrigation water, river–aquifer interactions, and flow regulation. The models used in this paper allow the identification of pollution sources, the forecasting of nitrate concentration in surface and groundwater, and the evaluation of the efficiency of measures to prevent water degradation, among other applications.

Suggested Citation

  • Diana Yaritza Dorado-Guerra & Javier Paredes-Arquiola & Miguel Ángel Pérez-Martín & Harold Tafur Hermann, 2021. "Integrated Surface-Groundwater Modelling of Nitrate Concentration in Mediterranean Rivers, the Júcar River Basin District, Spain," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-21, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:22:p:12835-:d:683529
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Lidón, Antonio & Ramos, Carlos & Ginestar, Damián & Contreras, Wilson, 2013. "Assessment of LEACHN and a simple compartmental model to simulate nitrogen dynamics in citrus orchards," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 121(C), pages 42-53.
    2. Baram, S. & Couvreur, V. & Harter, T. & Read, M. & Brown, P.H. & Hopmans, J.W. & Smart, D.R., 2016. "Assessment of orchard N losses to groundwater with a vadose zone monitoring network," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 172(C), pages 83-95.
    3. Morten Graversgaard & Beatrice Hedelin & Laurence Smith & Flemming Gertz & Anker Lajer Højberg & John Langford & Grit Martinez & Erik Mostert & Emilia Ptak & Heidi Peterson & Nico Stelljes & Cors Van , 2018. "Opportunities and Barriers for Water Co-Governance—A Critical Analysis of Seven Cases of Diffuse Water Pollution from Agriculture in Europe, Australia and North America," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(5), pages 1-39, May.
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