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Renewable Thermal Energy Driven Desalination Process for a Sustainable Management of Reverse Osmosis Reject Water

Author

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  • Kawtar Rahaoui

    (Energy Conservation and Renewable Energy Group, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia)

  • Hamid Khayyam

    (Energy Conservation and Renewable Energy Group, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia)

  • Quoc Linh Ve

    (Energy Conservation and Renewable Energy Group, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
    Faculty of Engineering and Food Technology, Hue University of Agriculture and Forestry, Thành phố Huế 530000, Vietnam)

  • Aliakbar Akbarzadeh

    (Energy Conservation and Renewable Energy Group, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia)

  • Abhijit Date

    (Energy Conservation and Renewable Energy Group, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia)

Abstract

A sustainable circular economy involves designing and promoting products with the least environmental impact. This research presents an experimental performance investigation of direct contact membrane distillation with feed approaching supersaturation salinity, which can be useful for the sustainable management of reverse osmosis reject water. Traditionally, reject water from the reverse osmosis systems is discharged in the sea or in the source water body. The reinjection of high salinity reject water into the sea has the potential to put the local sea environment at risk. This paper presents a design of a solar membrane distillation system that can achieve close to zero liquid discharge. The theoretical and experimental analysis on the performance of the lab scale close to zero liquid discharge system that produces supersaturated brine is studied. The lab-based experiments were conducted at boundary conditions, which were close to the real-world conditions where feed water temperatures ranged between 40 °C and 85 °C and the permeate water temperatures ranged between 5 °C and 20 °C. The feed water was supplied at salinity between 70,000 ppm to 110,000 ppm, similar to reject from reverse osmosis. The experimental results show that the maximum flux of 17.03 kg/m 2 ·h was achieved at a feed temperature of 80 °C, a feed salinity of 10,000 ppm, a permeate temperature of 5 °C and at constant feed and a permeate flow rate of 4 L/min. Whereas for the same conditions, the theoretical mass flux was 18.23 kg/m 2 ·h. Crystal formation was observed in the feed tank as the feed water volume reduced and the salinity increased, reaching close to 308,000 ppm TDS. At this condition, the mass flux approached close to zero due to crystallisation on the membrane surface. This study provides advice on the practical limitations for the use of membrane distillation to achieve close to zero liquid discharge.

Suggested Citation

  • Kawtar Rahaoui & Hamid Khayyam & Quoc Linh Ve & Aliakbar Akbarzadeh & Abhijit Date, 2021. "Renewable Thermal Energy Driven Desalination Process for a Sustainable Management of Reverse Osmosis Reject Water," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(19), pages 1-15, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:19:p:10860-:d:646913
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Duong Phan & Ali Moradi Amani & Mirhamed Mola & Ahmad Asgharian Rezaei & Mojgan Fayyazi & Mahdi Jalili & Dinh Ba Pham & Reza Langari & Hamid Khayyam, 2021. "Cascade Adaptive MPC with Type 2 Fuzzy System for Safety and Energy Management in Autonomous Vehicles: A Sustainable Approach for Future of Transportation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(18), pages 1-17, September.
    2. Khayyam, Hamid & Naebe, Minoo & Milani, Abbas S. & Fakhrhoseini, Seyed Mousa & Date, Abhijit & Shabani, Bahman & Atkiss, Steve & Ramakrishna, Seeram & Fox, Bronwyn & Jazar, Reza N., 2021. "Improving energy efficiency of carbon fiber manufacturing through waste heat recovery: A circular economy approach with machine learning," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 225(C).
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    Cited by:

    1. Ekaterina Sokolova & Khashayar Sadeghi & Seyed Hadi Ghazaie & Dario Barsi & Francesca Satta & Pietro Zunino, 2022. "Feasibility of Hybrid Desalination Plants Coupled with Small Gas Turbine CHP Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-13, May.

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