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Cognitive and Functional Differences in Aging with and without Intellectual Disabilities: Observational Study

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  • Olga Tena-Bernal

    (Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
    ATADES, Santo Ángel Occupational and Residential Center, C/Ariza, No. 8, 50012 Zaragoza, Spain)

  • Marta Sánchez-Peña

    (ATADES, Sonsoles Residential Center, Termino Miraflores, s/n, 50630 Zaragoza, Spain)

  • Alba Gómez-Cabello

    (Defense University Center, General Military Academy, Ctra. de Huesca, s/n, 50090 Zaragoza, Spain
    GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain)

  • Carlos Salavera

    (Department of Psychology and Sociology, Education Faculty, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain)

  • Pablo Usán

    (Department of Psychology and Sociology, Education Faculty, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain)

  • Estela Calatayud

    (Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
    Institute of Health Research of Aragón (IIS Aragón), Building CIBA, Avda. San Juan Bosco, 13, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain)

Abstract

The lifespan of people with cognitive disabilities (ID) has increased significantly, but the cognitive aspects together with the functional ones comparing normal aging and those with intellectual disabilities had not been previously studied. Objective: This study analyzed the cognitive and functional differences in older adults aging with ID (and with DS), compared with their peers without disabilities, in order to identify the most adapted interventions. Methodology: This study evaluated the outcome variables of MEC, Set-Test, Barthel, Lawton–Brody, and Tinetti with 247 participants: 146 without ID and 101 ID (29 with DS and 72 without DS). Results: At the cognitive level, older people with ID presented lower scores both in MEC ( p < 0.01), globally and in each cognitive domain (except in short-term memory), and in verbal fluency (Set-Test) than older people without ID; however, the diagnosis of cognitive impairment and dementia is higher in people without ID. At the functional level, there are no differences in ABDL, but there are in AIDL and Tinetti ( p < 0.01), where participants without ID obtain higher scores. The most frequent pathologies in people with ID were obesity and epilepsy. Conclusions: The lower cognitive and functional performance in ID is associated with the disability itself, the low educational level, the neurocognitive underdiagnosis, and the use of poorly adapted assessment tools. The cognitive and functional results indicated the importance of interventions adapted to the characteristics of this population, in their aging process.

Suggested Citation

  • Olga Tena-Bernal & Marta Sánchez-Peña & Alba Gómez-Cabello & Carlos Salavera & Pablo Usán & Estela Calatayud, 2021. "Cognitive and Functional Differences in Aging with and without Intellectual Disabilities: Observational Study," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(19), pages 1-14, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:19:p:10515-:d:640588
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Phillippa Carnemolla & Jack Kelly & Catherine Donnelley & Aine Healy & Megan Taylor, 2021. "“If I Was the Boss of My Local Government”: Perspectives of People with Intellectual Disabilities on Improving Inclusion," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-17, August.
    2. Jorge Morato & Sonia Sanchez-Cuadrado & Ana Iglesias & Adrián Campillo & Carmen Fernández-Panadero, 2021. "Sustainable Technologies for Older Adults," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(15), pages 1-35, July.
    3. Linda Partridge & Joris Deelen & P. Eline Slagboom, 2018. "Facing up to the global challenges of ageing," Nature, Nature, vol. 561(7721), pages 45-56, September.
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