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Utilization of By-Products and Wastes as Supplementary Cementitious Materials in Structural Mortar for Sustainable Construction

Author

Listed:
  • Shamir Sakir

    (Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia)

  • Sudharshan N. Raman

    (Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
    Department of Architecture and Built Environment, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia)

  • Md. Safiuddin

    (Angelo DelZotto School of Construction Management, George Brown College, 146 Kendal Avenue, Toronto, ON M5T 2T9, Canada
    Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architectural Science, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
    Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada)

  • A. B. M. Amrul Kaish

    (Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia)

  • Azrul A. Mutalib

    (Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia)

Abstract

Rapid growth in industrial development has raised the concern of proper disposal of the by-products generated in industries. Many of them may cause serious pollution to the air, land, and water if dumped in open landfills. Agricultural and municipal wastes also cause environmental issues if not managed properly. Besides, minimizing the carbon footprint has become a priority in every industry to slow down global warming and climate change effects. The use of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) obtained from agricultural, industrial, municipal, and natural sources can decrease a significant amount of fossil fuel burning by reducing cement production and contribute to proper waste management. Also, SCMs can enhance desirable material properties like flowability, strength, and durability. Such materials may play a big role to meet the need of modern time for resilient construction. The effective application of SCMs in cement-based materials requires a clear understanding of their physical and chemical characteristics. Researchers studied how the flowability, strength, and durability properties of structural mortar change with the replacement of cement with different SCMs. Various experiments were conducted to examine the behavior of structural mortar in extreme conditions (e.g., high temperature). Many scholars have attempted to improve its performance with various treatment techniques. This article is an attempt to bring all the major findings of the recent relevant studies together, identify research gaps in the current state of knowledge on the utilization of SCMs in structural mortar, and give several recommendations for further study. The available results from recent studies have been reviewed, analyzed, and summarized in this article. A collection of the updated experimental findings will encourage and ease the use of various by-products and wastes as SCMs in structural mortar for sustainable construction.

Suggested Citation

  • Shamir Sakir & Sudharshan N. Raman & Md. Safiuddin & A. B. M. Amrul Kaish & Azrul A. Mutalib, 2020. "Utilization of By-Products and Wastes as Supplementary Cementitious Materials in Structural Mortar for Sustainable Construction," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(9), pages 1-35, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:12:y:2020:i:9:p:3888-:d:356064
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Chiu Chuen Onn & Kim Hung Mo & Mohammed K. H. Radwan & Wen Hong Liew & Chee Guan Ng & Sumiani Yusoff, 2019. "Strength, Carbon Footprint and Cost Considerations of Mortar Blends with High Volume Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(24), pages 1-21, December.
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    Cited by:

    1. Jesús M. Blanco & Yokasta García Frómeta & Maggi Madrid & Jesús Cuadrado, 2021. "Thermal Performance Assessment of Walls Made of Three Types of Sustainable Concrete Blocks by Means of FEM and Validated through an Extensive Measurement Campaign," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-18, January.
    2. Jan Fořt & Jan Kočí & Robert Černý, 2021. "Environmental Efficiency Aspects of Basalt Fibers Reinforcement in Concrete Mixtures," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-13, November.
    3. Jan Fořt & Jiří Šál & Jaroslav Žák & Robert Černý, 2020. "Assessment of Wood-Based Fly Ash as Alternative Cement Replacement," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(22), pages 1-16, November.

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