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Characteristics of Non-Smokers’ Exposure Using Indirect Smoking Indicators and Time Activity Patterns

Author

Listed:
  • Byung Lyul Woo

    (Department of Occupational Health, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongbuk 38430, Korea
    Industrial Hygiene, Preventive Medicine, Force Health Protection, U. S. Army Medical Department Activity-Korea/65th Medical Brigade, Unit # 15281, APO AP 96271-5281, USA)

  • Min Kyung Lim

    (Department of Cancer Control and Population Health, National Cancer Center, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10408, Korea)

  • Eun Young Park

    (Division of Cancer Prevention & Early Detection, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10408, Korea)

  • Jinhyeon Park

    (Center of Environmental Health Monitoring, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongbuk 38430, Korea)

  • Hyeonsu Ryu

    (Department of Occupational Health, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongbuk 38430, Korea)

  • Dayoung Jung

    (Department of Occupational Health, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongbuk 38430, Korea)

  • Marcus J. Ramirez

    (Industrial Hygiene, Preventive Medicine, Force Health Protection, U. S. Army Medical Department Activity-Korea/65th Medical Brigade, Unit # 15281, APO AP 96271-5281, USA)

  • Wonho Yang

    (Department of Occupational Health, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongbuk 38430, Korea
    Center of Environmental Health Monitoring, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongbuk 38430, Korea)

Abstract

Since the global enforcement of smoke-free policies, indoor smoking has decreased significantly, and the characteristics of non-smokers’ exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) has changed. The purpose of this study was to assess the temporal and spatial characteristics of SHS exposure in non-smokers by combining questionnaires and biomarkers with time activity patterns. To assess SHS exposure, biomarkers such as cotinine and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-3-(pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) in urine and nicotine in hair were collected from 100 non-smokers in Seoul. Questionnaires about SHS exposure and time activity patterns were also obtained from the participants. The analysis of biomarker samples indicated that about 10% of participants were exposed to SHS when compared with the criteria from previous studies. However, 97% of the participants reported that they were exposed to SHS at least once weekly. The participants were most exposed to SHS in the outdoor microenvironment, where they spent approximately 1.2 h daily. There was a significant correlation between the participants’ time spent outdoors and self-reported SHS exposure time (r 2 = 0.935). In this study, a methodology using time activity patterns to assess temporal and spatial characteristics of SHS exposure was suggested. The results of this study may help develop policies for managing SHS exposure, considering the time activity patterns.

Suggested Citation

  • Byung Lyul Woo & Min Kyung Lim & Eun Young Park & Jinhyeon Park & Hyeonsu Ryu & Dayoung Jung & Marcus J. Ramirez & Wonho Yang, 2020. "Characteristics of Non-Smokers’ Exposure Using Indirect Smoking Indicators and Time Activity Patterns," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(21), pages 1-14, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:12:y:2020:i:21:p:9099-:d:438554
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Levy, D.T. & Cho, S.-I. & Kim, Y.-M. & Park, S. & Suh, M.-K. & Kam, S., 2010. "SimSmoke model evaluation of the effect of tobacco control policies in Korea: The unknown success story," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 100(7), pages 1267-1273.
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    Cited by:

    1. Jiyeon Yang & Shervin Hashemi & Wonseok Han & Yoojin Song & Youngwook Lim, 2022. "Exposure and Risk Assessment of Second- and Third-Hand Tobacco Smoke Using Urinary Cotinine Levels in South Korea," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(6), pages 1-19, March.

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