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CO 2 and Cost Optimization of Reinforced Concrete Cantilever Soldier Piles: A Parametric Study with Harmony Search Algorithm

Author

Listed:
  • Zülal Akbay Arama

    (Department of Civil Engineering, Istanbul University–Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul 34320, Turkey)

  • Aylin Ece Kayabekir

    (Department of Civil Engineering, Istanbul University–Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul 34320, Turkey)

  • Gebrail Bekdaş

    (Department of Civil Engineering, Istanbul University–Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul 34320, Turkey)

  • Zong Woo Geem

    (College of IT Convergence, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea)

Abstract

This paper presents the parametric modelling process of cantilever soldier pile walls based on CO 2 and cost optimization with the Harmony Search Algorithm. The study attempted to fulfil the geotechnical and structural design requirements and sustainable usage necessities simultaneously. The variants of the optimum design process are selected as the cross-sectional characteristics of cantilever soldier piles such as the length and diameter of the pile, and the other design variables are the reinforcement detailing of the pile such as the diameter and the number of reinforcement bars. Besides the volume of the concrete, the unit prices of both reinforcement and concrete are evaluated as another part of the variants. The shear and flexural strength necessities, minimum cross section of the reinforcing bars and factor of safety values are identified as the constraints of the optimization. Different objective functions are defined to provide the minimum cost, the minimum CO 2 emission and the integrated multi-objective evaluation of cost and CO 2 . In addition, the type of steel and concrete reinforcement on the optimum CO 2 emission is investigated with the use of different material emission values that are selected from current literature studies. Consequently, the results of the optimization analyses are interrogated to investigate if the attainment of both minimum CO 2 and cost balance can be achieved.

Suggested Citation

  • Zülal Akbay Arama & Aylin Ece Kayabekir & Gebrail Bekdaş & Zong Woo Geem, 2020. "CO 2 and Cost Optimization of Reinforced Concrete Cantilever Soldier Piles: A Parametric Study with Harmony Search Algorithm," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(15), pages 1-25, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:12:y:2020:i:15:p:5906-:d:388161
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Víctor Yepes & José V. Martí & José García, 2020. "Black Hole Algorithm for Sustainable Design of Counterfort Retaining Walls," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-18, April.
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    Cited by:

    1. Gebrail Bekdaş & Sinan Melih Nigdeli & Sanghun Kim & Zong Woo Geem, 2022. "Modified Harmony Search Algorithm-Based Optimization for Eco-Friendly Reinforced Concrete Frames," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-13, March.
    2. Celal Cakiroglu & Kamrul Islam & Gebrail Bekdaş & Sanghun Kim & Zong Woo Geem, 2021. "CO 2 Emission Optimization of Concrete-Filled Steel Tubular Rectangular Stub Columns Using Metaheuristic Algorithms," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(19), pages 1-26, October.

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