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Spray Drift Generated in Vineyard during Under-Row Weed Control and Suckering: Evaluation of Direct and Indirect Drift-Reducing Techniques

Author

Listed:
  • Marco Grella

    (Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (DiSAFA), University of Turin (UNITO), Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy)

  • Paolo Marucco

    (Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (DiSAFA), University of Turin (UNITO), Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy)

  • Athanasios T. Balafoutis

    (Institute of Bio-Economy & Agro-Technology, Centre of Research & Technology Hellas, Dimarchou Georgiadou 118, 38333 Volos, Greece)

  • Paolo Balsari

    (Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (DiSAFA), University of Turin (UNITO), Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy)

Abstract

The most widespread method for weed control and suckering in vineyards is under-row band herbicide application. It could be performed for weed control only (WC) or weed control and suckering (WSC) simultaneously. During herbicide application, spray drift is one of the most important environmental issues. The objective of this experimental work was to evaluate the performance of specific Spray Drift Reducing Techniques (SDRTs) used either for WC or WSC spray applications. Furthermore, spray drift reduction achieved by buffer zone adoption was investigated. All spray drift measurements were conducted according to ISO22866:2005 protocol. Sixteen configurations deriving from four nozzle types (two conventional and two air-induction—AI) combined with or without a semi-shielded boom at two different heights (0.25 m for WC and 0.50 m for WSC) were tested. A fully-shielded boom was also tested in combination with conventional nozzles at 0.25 m height for WC. Ground spray drift profiles were obtained, from which corresponding Drift Values (DVs) were calculated. Then, the related drift reduction was calculated based on ISO22369-1:2006. It was revealed that WC spray applications generate lower spray drift than WSC applications. In all cases, using AI nozzles and semi-shielded boom significantly reduced DVs; the optimum combination of SDRTs decreased spray drift by up to 78% and 95% for WC and WSC spray application, respectively. The fully-shielded boom allowed reducing nearly 100% of spray drift generation. Finally, the adoption of a cropped buffer zone that includes the two outermost vineyard rows lowered the total spray drift up to 97%. The first 90th percentile model for the spray drift generated during herbicide application in vineyards was also obtained.

Suggested Citation

  • Marco Grella & Paolo Marucco & Athanasios T. Balafoutis & Paolo Balsari, 2020. "Spray Drift Generated in Vineyard during Under-Row Weed Control and Suckering: Evaluation of Direct and Indirect Drift-Reducing Techniques," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-26, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:12:y:2020:i:12:p:5068-:d:374615
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Marco Grella & Montserrat Gallart & Paolo Marucco & Paolo Balsari & Emilio Gil, 2017. "Ground Deposition and Airborne Spray Drift Assessment in Vineyard and Orchard: The Influence of Environmental Variables and Sprayer Settings," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(5), pages 1-26, May.
    2. Jan C. Zande & J. F. M. Huijsmans & H. A. J. Porskamp & J. M. G. P. Michielsen & H. Stallinga & H. J. Holterman & A. Jong, 2008. "Spray techniques: how to optimise spray deposition and minimise spray drift," Environment Systems and Decisions, Springer, vol. 28(1), pages 9-17, March.
    3. Charles M. Benbrook & Brian P. Baker, 2014. "Perspective on Dietary Risk Assessment of Pesticide Residues in Organic Food," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 6(6), pages 1-19, May.
    4. Gianfranco Pergher & Rino Gubiani & Matia Mainardis, 2019. "Field Testing of a Biomass-Fueled Flamer for In-Row Weed Control in the Vineyard," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 9(10), pages 1-11, September.
    5. Megha Sud, 2020. "Managing the biodiversity impacts of fertiliser and pesticide use: Overview and insights from trends and policies across selected OECD countries," OECD Environment Working Papers 155, OECD Publishing.
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    2. Muyesaier Tudi & Huada Daniel Ruan & Li Wang & Jia Lyu & Ross Sadler & Des Connell & Cordia Chu & Dung Tri Phung, 2021. "Agriculture Development, Pesticide Application and Its Impact on the Environment," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(3), pages 1-23, January.
    3. Ovidiu Ranta & Ovidiu Marian & Mircea Valentin Muntean & Adrian Molnar & Alexandru Bogdan Ghețe & Valentin Crișan & Sorin Stănilă & Tibor Rittner, 2021. "Quality Analysis of Some Spray Parameters When Performing Treatments in Vineyards in Order to Reduce Environment Pollution," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(14), pages 1-13, July.

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