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Contribution of Landscape Transformation in the Development of Heat Islands and Sinks in Urban and Peri-Urban Regions in the Chota–Nagpur Plateau, India

Author

Listed:
  • Amit Kumar

    (Department of Geoinformatics, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi 835205, India)

  • Manjari Upreti

    (Department of Geoinformatics, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi 835205, India)

  • Arvind Chandra Pandey

    (Department of Geoinformatics, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi 835205, India)

  • Purabi Saikia

    (Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi 835205, India)

  • Mohammed Latif Khan

    (Department of Botany, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar 470003, India)

Abstract

Cities in the contemporary world are experiencing shifts in local climatic conditions that are primarily linked to rapid urban growth, carbon emissions, and environmental degradation. In the present study, land surface temperature (LST) in urban and peri-urban regions of the city of Ranchi was estimated and correlated with land use/land cover (LULC) using temporal LANDSAT satellite images from 2000 to 2014 on a bi-annual basis. The study exhibited a gradual increase in built-up land with total growth of 47.65 sq. km (135%) at the cost of vegetation (−6.8%), rock outcrops (−44.16%), and other LULCs (0.81%). Spatiotemporal LST variability exhibited an increase in area under high-temperature (>38 °C) zones as compared to moderate (30 °C to 38 °C) and low-temperature (<30 °C) zones. Although the LST distinctively escalated in all LULC in the month of May from 2000 to 2014, urban areas exhibited cooler conditions than their environs at a regional scale, except for 2006. A higher surface temperature was observed over bare rock (min/max: 28–43 °C), fallow land (25–42 °C), and industrial built-up areas (31–43 °C), followed by vegetation (24–34 °C) and waterbodies (22–30 °C). The rapid land transformation to an impervious surface, degradation of vegetation coverage and its health, deforestation due to urbanization, the dumping of non-treated wastewater into reservoirs, and pollution altogether led to an increase in urban heat islands (UHI). The study demonstrated that the LST increased in urban regions but appeared cooler than those of its peri-urban counterparts because of the presence of barren land and rock outcrops. The existing tenancy act had an indirect impact on maintaining natural landscapes and controlling the LST within the Ranchi region. The study recommends nature-based solutions in terms of plantation and green roofing within the rising LST zones located in the urban core and in peripheral rock outcrops collectively to minimize the rising impact of LST in urban and peri-urban regions.

Suggested Citation

  • Amit Kumar & Manjari Upreti & Arvind Chandra Pandey & Purabi Saikia & Mohammed Latif Khan, 2023. "Contribution of Landscape Transformation in the Development of Heat Islands and Sinks in Urban and Peri-Urban Regions in the Chota–Nagpur Plateau, India," Resources, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-24, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jresou:v:12:y:2023:i:5:p:58-:d:1142968
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Eugenia Kalnay & Ming Cai, 2003. "Impact of urbanization and land-use change on climate," Nature, Nature, vol. 423(6939), pages 528-531, May.
    2. Amit Kumar & Arvind Chandra Pandey, 2013. "Spatio-temporal assessment of urban environmental conditions in Ranchi Township, India using remote sensing and Geographical Information System techniques," International Journal of Urban Sciences, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 17(1), pages 117-141, March.
    3. Sophia Kappou & Manolis Souliotis & Spiros Papaefthimiou & Giorgos Panaras & John A. Paravantis & Evanthie Michalena & Jeremy Maxwell Hills & Andreas P. Vouros & Aikaterini Ntymenou & Giouli Mihalakak, 2022. "Cool Pavements: State of the Art and New Technologies," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-32, April.
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