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Neimark–Sacker Bifurcation of a Discrete-Time Predator–Prey Model with Prey Refuge Effect

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  • Binhao Hong

    (College of Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China)

  • Chunrui Zhang

    (College of Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China)

Abstract

In this paper, we deduce a predator–prey model with discrete time in the interior of R + 2 using a new discrete method to study its local dynamics and Neimark–Sacker bifurcation. Compared with continuous models, discrete ones have many unique properties that help to understand the changing patterns of biological populations from a completely new perspective. The existence and stability of the three equilibria are analyzed, and the formation conditions of Neimark–Sacker bifurcation around the unique positive equilibrium point are established using the center manifold theorem and bifurcation theory. An attracting closed invariant curve appears, which corresponds to the periodic oscillations between predators and prey over a long period of time. Finally, some numerical simulations and their biological meanings are given to reveal the complex dynamical behavior.

Suggested Citation

  • Binhao Hong & Chunrui Zhang, 2023. "Neimark–Sacker Bifurcation of a Discrete-Time Predator–Prey Model with Prey Refuge Effect," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-13, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jmathe:v:11:y:2023:i:6:p:1399-:d:1096458
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Xiaoxiao Liu & Chunrui Zhang, 2022. "Stability and Optimal Control of Tree-Insect Model under Forest Fire Disturbance," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 10(15), pages 1-12, July.
    2. Zhang, Chunrui & Zheng, Baodong, 2007. "Stability and bifurcation of a two-dimension discrete neural network model with multi-delays," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 31(5), pages 1232-1242.
    3. Liyun Lai & Zhenliang Zhu & Fengde Chen, 2020. "Stability and Bifurcation in a Predator–Prey Model with the Additive Allee Effect and the Fear Effect," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 8(8), pages 1-21, August.
    4. Liu, Xiaoli & Xiao, Dongmei, 2007. "Complex dynamic behaviors of a discrete-time predator–prey system," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 32(1), pages 80-94.
    5. Ghosh, Joydev & Sahoo, Banshidhar & Poria, Swarup, 2017. "Prey-predator dynamics with prey refuge providing additional food to predator," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 96(C), pages 110-119.
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    Cited by:

    1. Seralan Vinoth & R. Vadivel & Nien-Tsu Hu & Chin-Sheng Chen & Nallappan Gunasekaran, 2023. "Bifurcation Analysis in a Harvested Modified Leslie–Gower Model Incorporated with the Fear Factor and Prey Refuge," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 11(14), pages 1-25, July.
    2. Arjun Hasibuan & Asep Kuswandi Supriatna & Endang Rusyaman & Md. Haider Ali Biswas, 2023. "Harvested Predator–Prey Models Considering Marine Reserve Areas: Systematic Literature Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(16), pages 1-23, August.

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