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Assessing Context-Specific Factors to Increase Tree Survival for Scaling Ecosystem Restoration Efforts in East Africa

Author

Listed:
  • Christine Magaju

    (World Agroforestry (ICRAF), UN Avenue, P.O. Box 30677, Nairobi 00100, Kenya)

  • Leigh Ann Winowiecki

    (World Agroforestry (ICRAF), UN Avenue, P.O. Box 30677, Nairobi 00100, Kenya)

  • Mary Crossland

    (School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2DG, UK)

  • Aymen Frija

    (International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, ICARDA, Rue Hedi Karray, CP 2049 Ariana, Tunisia)

  • Hassen Ouerghemmi

    (International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, ICARDA, Rue Hedi Karray, CP 2049 Ariana, Tunisia)

  • Niguse Hagazi

    (World Agroforestry (ICRAF), Gurd Shola, P.O. Box 5689 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia)

  • Phosiso Sola

    (World Agroforestry (ICRAF), UN Avenue, P.O. Box 30677, Nairobi 00100, Kenya)

  • Ibrahim Ochenje

    (World Agroforestry (ICRAF), UN Avenue, P.O. Box 30677, Nairobi 00100, Kenya)

  • Esther Kiura

    (World Agroforestry (ICRAF), UN Avenue, P.O. Box 30677, Nairobi 00100, Kenya)

  • Anne Kuria

    (World Agroforestry (ICRAF), UN Avenue, P.O. Box 30677, Nairobi 00100, Kenya)

  • Jonathan Muriuki

    (World Agroforestry (ICRAF), UN Avenue, P.O. Box 30677, Nairobi 00100, Kenya)

  • Sammy Carsan

    (World Agroforestry (ICRAF), UN Avenue, P.O. Box 30677, Nairobi 00100, Kenya)

  • Kiros Hadgu

    (World Agroforestry (ICRAF), Gurd Shola, P.O. Box 5689 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia)

  • Enrico Bonaiuti

    (International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, ICARDA, 6/106, Osiyo St, Tashkent 100084, Uzbekistan)

  • Fergus Sinclair

    (World Agroforestry (ICRAF), UN Avenue, P.O. Box 30677, Nairobi 00100, Kenya
    School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2DG, UK)

Abstract

Increasing tree cover in agricultural lands can contribute to achieving global and national restoration goals, more so in the drylands where trees play a key role in enhancing both ecosystem and livelihood resilience of the communities that depend on them. Despite this, drylands are characterized by low tree survival especially for tree species preferred by local communities. We conducted a study in arid and semi-arid areas of Kenya and Ethiopia with 1773 households to assess how different tree planting and management practices influence seedling survival. Using on-farm planned comparisons, farmers experimented and compared tree survival under different planting and management practices as well as under varying socioeconomic and biophysical contexts in the two countries. Seedling survival was monitored at least six months after planting. Results show that watering, manure application, seedling protection by fencing and planting in a small hole (30 cm diameter and 45 cm depth) had a significant effect on tree seedling survival in Kenya, while in Ethiopia, mulching, watering and planting niche were significant to tree survival. Household socioeconomics and farms’ biophysical characteristics such as farm size, education level of the household head, land tenure, age of the household head had significant effects on seedling survival in both Ethiopia and Kenya while presence of soil erosion on the farm had a significant effect in Kenya. Soil quality ranking was positively correlated with tree survival in Ethiopia, regardless of species assessed. Current findings have confirmed effects of context specific variables some involving intrahousehold socioeconomic status such education level of the household head, and farm size that influence survival.

Suggested Citation

  • Christine Magaju & Leigh Ann Winowiecki & Mary Crossland & Aymen Frija & Hassen Ouerghemmi & Niguse Hagazi & Phosiso Sola & Ibrahim Ochenje & Esther Kiura & Anne Kuria & Jonathan Muriuki & Sammy Carsa, 2020. "Assessing Context-Specific Factors to Increase Tree Survival for Scaling Ecosystem Restoration Efforts in East Africa," Land, MDPI, vol. 9(12), pages 1-20, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:9:y:2020:i:12:p:494-:d:457042
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Kiros Hadgu & Lammert Kooistra & Walter Rossing & Ariena Bruggen, 2009. "Assessing the effect of Faidherbia albida based land use systems on barley yield at field and regional scale in the highlands of Tigray, Northern Ethiopia," Food Security: The Science, Sociology and Economics of Food Production and Access to Food, Springer;The International Society for Plant Pathology, vol. 1(3), pages 337-350, September.
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    Cited by:

    1. Kevin Pello & Cedric Okinda & Aijun Liu & Tim Njagi, 2021. "Factors Affecting Adaptation to Climate Change through Agroforestry in Kenya," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(4), pages 1-16, April.
    2. Meine van Noordwijk, 2021. "Agroforestry-Based Ecosystem Services," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(8), pages 1-8, July.
    3. Nelson Chanza & Walter Musakwa, 2021. "“Trees Are Our Relatives”: Local Perceptions on Forestry Resources and Implications for Climate Change Mitigation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-13, May.
    4. Meine van Noordwijk, 2021. "Agroforestry-Based Ecosystem Services: Reconciling Values of Humans and Nature in Sustainable Development," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(7), pages 1-24, July.

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