A Geo-Hazard Risk Assessment Technique for Analyzing Impacts of Surface Subsidence within Onyeama Mine, South East Nigeria

This paper proposes a geo-hazard risk assessment technique to analyze the impacts of surface subsidence monitored in a major coal mine in Nigeria. In many developing countries, disaster risk management schemes have mainly focused on traditional singular hazard assessment, vulnerability assessment, or risk assessment. However, it is difficult to use a singular application to adequately address hazard assessment due to the variation in data requirements, factors associated with the hazards, and the various elements at risk. Most times, hazard assessment schemes heavily rely on data and techniques from different global organizations that collate data on disasters, using various scales and objectives to make informed decisions. Several challenges seemingly arise from total reliance on these kinds of data due to standardization, the exact number of potential victims, and the purpose of the data collection. This makes disaster information collected at the local level unique and assessment schemes more complete; however, the coverage is limited worldwide. The proposed approach combines the spatial relationship between vulnerability assessment and elements at risk to highlight the grave consequences of potential disasters. Thus, the aim is to underscore the importance of integrating local-level inputs in analyzing risk factors and vulnerability indicators for hazard assessment. This study was conducted at the Onyeama coal mine in South East Nigeria. This area has experienced severe negative impacts of subsidence over the years. We exploit data from Sentinel-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Satellites and Small-Baseline Subset Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (SBAS-DInSAR) technique to map the study area. The results generate an elements-at-risk database with a particular focus on population density, road networks, and building networks identified as indices for loss estimation.