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Normalizing the Local Incidence Angle in Sentinel-1 Imagery to Improve Leaf Area Index, Vegetation Height, and Crop Coefficient Estimations

Author

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  • Gregoriy Kaplan

    (Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization—Volcani Institute, HaMaccabim Road 68, P.O. Box 15159, Rishon LeZion 7528809, Israel)

  • Lior Fine

    (Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization—Volcani Institute, HaMaccabim Road 68, P.O. Box 15159, Rishon LeZion 7528809, Israel
    Department of Soil and Water Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel)

  • Victor Lukyanov

    (Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization—Volcani Institute, HaMaccabim Road 68, P.O. Box 15159, Rishon LeZion 7528809, Israel)

  • V. S. Manivasagam

    (Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization—Volcani Institute, HaMaccabim Road 68, P.O. Box 15159, Rishon LeZion 7528809, Israel
    Amrita School of Agricultural Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, J. P. Nagar, Arasampalayam, Myleripalayam, Coimbatore 642 109, Tamil Nadu, India)

  • Josef Tanny

    (Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization—Volcani Institute, HaMaccabim Road 68, P.O. Box 15159, Rishon LeZion 7528809, Israel
    HIT—Holon Institute of Technology, Holon 58102, Israel)

  • Offer Rozenstein

    (Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization—Volcani Institute, HaMaccabim Road 68, P.O. Box 15159, Rishon LeZion 7528809, Israel)

Abstract

Public domain synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) imagery, particularly from Sentinel-1, has widened the scope of day and night vegetation monitoring, even when cloud cover limits optical Earth observation. Yet, it is challenging to combine SAR images acquired at different incidence angles and from ascending and descending orbits because of the backscatter dependence on the incidence angle. This study demonstrates two transformations that facilitate collective use of Sentinel-1 imagery, regardless of the acquisition geometry, for agricultural monitoring of several crops in Israel (wheat, processing tomatoes, and cotton). First, the radar backscattering coefficient (σ 0 ) was multiplied by the local incidence angle (θ) of every pixel. This transformation improved the empirical prediction of the crop coefficient (K c ), leaf area index (LAI), and crop height in all three crops. The second method, which is based on the radar brightness coefficient (β 0 ), proved useful for estimating K c , LAI, and crop height in processing tomatoes and cotton. Following the suggested transformations, R 2 increased by 0.0172 to 0.668, and RMSE improved by 5 to 52%. Additionally, the models based on the suggested transformations were found to be superior to the models based on the dual-polarization radar vegetation index (RVI). Consequently, vegetation monitoring using SAR imagery acquired at different viewing geometries became more effective.

Suggested Citation

  • Gregoriy Kaplan & Lior Fine & Victor Lukyanov & V. S. Manivasagam & Josef Tanny & Offer Rozenstein, 2021. "Normalizing the Local Incidence Angle in Sentinel-1 Imagery to Improve Leaf Area Index, Vegetation Height, and Crop Coefficient Estimations," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(7), pages 1-23, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:10:y:2021:i:7:p:680-:d:583528
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Gonzalez-Dugo, M.P. & Mateos, L., 2008. "Spectral vegetation indices for benchmarking water productivity of irrigated cotton and sugarbeet crops," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 95(1), pages 48-58, January.
    2. Gregoriy Kaplan & Offer Rozenstein, 2021. "Spaceborne Estimation of Leaf Area Index in Cotton, Tomato, and Wheat Using Sentinel-2," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(5), pages 1-13, May.
    3. Rozenstein, Offer & Haymann, Nitai & Kaplan, Gregoriy & Tanny, Josef, 2019. "Validation of the cotton crop coefficient estimation model based on Sentinel-2 imagery and eddy covariance measurements," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 223(C), pages 1-1.
    4. Pereira, L.S. & Paredes, P. & Hunsaker, D.J. & López-Urrea, R. & Mohammadi Shad, Z., 2021. "Standard single and basal crop coefficients for field crops. Updates and advances to the FAO56 crop water requirements method," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 243(C).
    5. Rozenstein, Offer & Haymann, Nitai & Kaplan, Gregoriy & Tanny, Josef, 2018. "Estimating cotton water consumption using a time series of Sentinel-2 imagery," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 207(C), pages 44-52.
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    Cited by:

    1. Kaplan, Gregoriy & Fine, Lior & Lukyanov, Victor & Malachy, Nitzan & Tanny, Josef & Rozenstein, Offer, 2023. "Using Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 imagery for estimating cotton crop coefficient, height, and Leaf Area Index," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 276(C).
    2. Rozenstein, Offer & Fine, Lior & Malachy, Nitzan & Richard, Antoine & Pradalier, Cedric & Tanny, Josef, 2023. "Data-driven estimation of actual evapotranspiration to support irrigation management: Testing two novel methods based on an unoccupied aerial vehicle and an artificial neural network," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 283(C).
    3. Clark, Matt & Andrews, Jeffrey & Kolarik, Nicholas & Omar, Mbarouk Mussa & Hillis, Vicken, 2024. "Causal attribution of agricultural expansion in a small island system using approximate Bayesian computation," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 137(C).

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