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A Geo-Spatial Analysis for Characterising Urban Sprawl Patterns in the Batticaloa Municipal Council, Sri Lanka

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  • Mathanraj Seevarethnam

    (Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of Built Environment and Surveying, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia)

  • Noradila Rusli

    (Centre for Innovative Planning and Development (CIPD), Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of Built Environment and Surveying, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia)

  • Gabriel Hoh Teck Ling

    (Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of Built Environment and Surveying, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia)

  • Ismail Said

    (Department of Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Built Environment and Surveying, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia)

Abstract

Urban sprawl related to rapid urbanisation in developed and developing nations affects sustainable land use. In Sri Lanka, urban areas have mostly expanded in a rather spontaneous, unplanned manner (based on the current settlers’ subjective movement) rather than conforming to the local government’s development plan. This growth inevitably leads to uncontrolled urban sprawl in many Sri Lankan cities, including Batticaloa. So far, Sri Lanka’s planners or researchers have not yet tackled the sprawling developments in this city. Understanding the different forms and patterns of urban sprawl is the key to address sprawling growth. This study aims to identify the characteristics of urban sprawl in the Batticaloa municipal council using Geographic Information System (GIS) and remote sensing technology. Landsat satellite images for the years 2000, 2010, and 2020 as well as 2002, 2011, and 2019 population data were used and analysed using ArcGIS’ maximum likelihood classification tool and the density function, respectively, to delineate the characteristics of urban sprawl. The results revealed that low-density development, leapfrog development, commercial ribbon development, and scattered growth are the influencing characteristics of urban sprawl in the Batticaloa municipality. These characteristics were found mainly in the urban edge of the city and have led to urban sprawl. The finding provides knowledge into recognising the characteristics of urban sprawl with empirical evidence. It affords a clear direction for future studies of urban sprawl in rapidly growing cities that are numerous in Sri Lanka, and the identified characteristics of urban sprawl can be useful in minimising future sprawl. This result can be a tool for future urban planning and management in the Batticaloa municipality.

Suggested Citation

  • Mathanraj Seevarethnam & Noradila Rusli & Gabriel Hoh Teck Ling & Ismail Said, 2021. "A Geo-Spatial Analysis for Characterising Urban Sprawl Patterns in the Batticaloa Municipal Council, Sri Lanka," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(6), pages 1-26, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:10:y:2021:i:6:p:636-:d:575549
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Walid Oueslati & Seraphim Alvanides & Guy Garrod, 2015. "Determinants of urban sprawl in European cities," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 52(9), pages 1594-1614, July.
    2. Michael P Johnson, 2001. "Environmental Impacts of Urban Sprawl: A Survey of the Literature and Proposed Research Agenda," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 33(4), pages 717-735, April.
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    Cited by:

    1. Xu Yang & Xuan Zou & Xueqi Liu & Qixuan Li & Siqian Zou & Ming Li, 2023. "The Spatiotemporal Pattern and Driving Mechanism of Urban Sprawl in China’s Counties," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-16, March.
    2. Iwona Cieślak & Andrzej Biłozor & Luca Salvati, 2022. "Land as a Basis for Recent Progress in the Study of Urbanization Dynamics," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(1), pages 1-4, January.
    3. Ling Zhang & Jiawei Zhang & Xiaohui Li & Kaidi Zhou & Jiang Ye, 2023. "The Impact of Urban Sprawl on Carbon Emissions from the Perspective of Nighttime Light Remote Sensing: A Case Study in Eastern China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(15), pages 1-19, August.

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