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The Influence of Natural and Anthropogenic Forcing on Water and Energy Balance and on Photosynthesis

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  • Jaeyoung Song

    (Innovative Meteorological Research Department, National Institute of Meteorological Sciences, Seogwipo-si 63568, Korea
    Numerical Modeling Group, Korea Institute of Atmospheric Prediction Systems (KIAPS), Seoul 07071, Korea)

  • Sungbo Shim

    (Innovative Meteorological Research Department, National Institute of Meteorological Sciences, Seogwipo-si 63568, Korea)

  • Ji-Sun Kim

    (Innovative Meteorological Research Department, National Institute of Meteorological Sciences, Seogwipo-si 63568, Korea)

  • Jae-Hee Lee

    (Innovative Meteorological Research Department, National Institute of Meteorological Sciences, Seogwipo-si 63568, Korea)

  • Young-Hwa Byun

    (Innovative Meteorological Research Department, National Institute of Meteorological Sciences, Seogwipo-si 63568, Korea)

  • Yeon-Hee Kim

    (Innovative Meteorological Research Department, National Institute of Meteorological Sciences, Seogwipo-si 63568, Korea)

Abstract

Land surface processes are rarely studied in Detection and Attribution Model Inter-comparison Project (DAMIP) experiments on climate change. We analyzed a CMIP6 DAMIP historical experiment by using multi-linear regression (MLRM) and analysis of variance methods. We focused on energy and water budgets, including gross primary productivity (GPP). In MLRM, we estimated each forcing’s contribution and identified the role of natural forcing, which is usually ignored. Contributions of the forcing factors varied by region, and high-ranked variables such as net radiation could receive multiple influences. Greenhouse gases (GHG) accelerated energy and water cycles over the global land surface, including evapotranspiration, runoff, GPP, and water-use efficiency. Aerosol (AER) forcing displayed the opposite characteristics, and natural forcing accounted for short-term changes. A long-term analysis of total soil moisture and water budget indicated that as the AER increases, the available water on the global land increases continuously. In the recent past, an increase in net radiation (i.e., a lowered AER) reduced surface moisture and hastened surface water cycle (GHG effect). The results imply that aerosol emission and its counterbalance to GHG are essential to most land surface processes. The exception to this is GPP, which was overdominated by GHG effects.

Suggested Citation

  • Jaeyoung Song & Sungbo Shim & Ji-Sun Kim & Jae-Hee Lee & Young-Hwa Byun & Yeon-Hee Kim, 2021. "The Influence of Natural and Anthropogenic Forcing on Water and Energy Balance and on Photosynthesis," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-18, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:10:y:2021:i:11:p:1151-:d:667547
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Nathan P. Gillett & Megan Kirchmeier-Young & Aurélien Ribes & Hideo Shiogama & Gabriele C. Hegerl & Reto Knutti & Guillaume Gastineau & Jasmin G. John & Lijuan Li & Larissa Nazarenko & Nan Rosenbloom , 2021. "Constraining human contributions to observed warming since the pre-industrial period," Nature Climate Change, Nature, vol. 11(3), pages 207-212, March.
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