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Cross-sectional Study on the Effects of Socioeconomic Factors on Lead Exposure in Children by Gender in Serpong, Indonesia

Author

Listed:
  • Dewi U. Iriani

    (Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
    Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Syarif Hidayatullah, State Islamic University, Jl, Kertamukti, Ciputat, Jakarta 15412, Indonesia)

  • Takehisa Matsukawa

    (Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan)

  • Muhammad K. Tadjudin

    (Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Syarif Hidayatullah, State Islamic University, Jl, Kertamukti, Ciputat, Jakarta 15412, Indonesia)

  • Hiroaki Itoh

    (Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan)

  • Kazuhito Yokoyama

    (Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan)

Abstract

To elucidate the socioeconomic factors influencing lead exposure in elementary school children by gender, 108 children (56 male, 52 female), aged 6–7 years, were randomly selected from 39 elementary state schools in Serpong, Banten, Indonesia. Their parents were interviewed to obtain information on sociodemographic characteristics. Their blood lead (BPb) levels were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. BPb concentrations were significantly higher in males than in females, i.e. , 6.8 ± 2.0 (2.9–12.5) µg/dL and 5.9 ± 1.9 (3.1–11.7) µg/dL, respectively ( p

Suggested Citation

  • Dewi U. Iriani & Takehisa Matsukawa & Muhammad K. Tadjudin & Hiroaki Itoh & Kazuhito Yokoyama, 2012. "Cross-sectional Study on the Effects of Socioeconomic Factors on Lead Exposure in Children by Gender in Serpong, Indonesia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 9(11), pages 1-15, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:9:y:2012:i:11:p:4135-4149:d:21449
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Hirota, Keiko, 2006. "Review of Lead Phase Out for Air Quality Improvement in the Third World Cities Lessons from Thailand and Indonesia," MPRA Paper 15322, University Library of Munich, Germany.
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