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Socioeconomic, Demographic, and Environmental Factors May Inform Malaria Intervention Prioritization in Urban Nigeria

Author

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  • Chilochibi Chiziba

    (Department of Preventive Medicine and Institute for Global Health, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA)

  • Laina D. Mercer

    (PATH, Seattle, WA 98121, USA)

  • Ousmane Diallo

    (Department of Preventive Medicine and Institute for Global Health, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA)

  • Amelia Bertozzi-Villa

    (Institute for Disease Modeling, Seattle, WA 98005, USA)

  • Daniel J. Weiss

    (Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
    Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bently, WA 6102, Australia)

  • Jaline Gerardin

    (Department of Preventive Medicine and Institute for Global Health, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA)

  • Ifeoma D. Ozodiegwu

    (Department of Preventive Medicine and Institute for Global Health, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
    Department of Health Informatics and Data Science, Loyola University, Health Sciences Campus, Maywood, IL 60153, USA)

Abstract

Urban population growth in Nigeria may exceed the availability of affordable housing and basic services, resulting in living conditions conducive to vector breeding and heterogeneous malaria transmission. Understanding the link between community-level factors and urban malaria transmission informs targeted interventions. We analyzed Demographic and Health Survey Program cluster-level data, alongside geospatial covariates, to describe variations in malaria prevalence in children under 5 years of age. Univariate and multivariable models explored the relationship between malaria test positivity rates at the cluster level and community-level factors. Generally, malaria test positivity rates in urban areas are low and declining. The factors that best predicted malaria test positivity rates within a multivariable model were post-primary education, wealth quintiles, population density, access to improved housing, child fever treatment-seeking, precipitation, and enhanced vegetation index. Malaria transmission in urban areas will likely be reduced by addressing socioeconomic and environmental factors that promote exposure to disease vectors. Enhanced regional surveillance systems in Nigeria can provide detailed data to further refine our understanding of these factors in relation to malaria transmission.

Suggested Citation

  • Chilochibi Chiziba & Laina D. Mercer & Ousmane Diallo & Amelia Bertozzi-Villa & Daniel J. Weiss & Jaline Gerardin & Ifeoma D. Ozodiegwu, 2024. "Socioeconomic, Demographic, and Environmental Factors May Inform Malaria Intervention Prioritization in Urban Nigeria," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 21(1), pages 1-20, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:21:y:2024:i:1:p:78-:d:1316704
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Kwabena Gyimah-Brempong & Oliver Paddison & Workie Mitiku, 2006. "Higher education and economic growth in Africa," Journal of Development Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 42(3), pages 509-529.
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