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Incidence, Risk Factors, and Consequences of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms in Survivors of COVID-19-Related ARDS

Author

Listed:
  • Sara Miori

    (Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Santa Chiara Hospital, 38122 Trento, Italy)

  • Andrea Sanna

    (Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Santa Chiara Hospital, 38122 Trento, Italy)

  • Sergio Lassola

    (Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Santa Chiara Hospital, 38122 Trento, Italy)

  • Erica Cicolini

    (Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Santa Chiara Hospital, 38122 Trento, Italy)

  • Roberto Zanella

    (Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Santa Chiara Hospital, 38122 Trento, Italy)

  • Sandra Magnoni

    (Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Santa Chiara Hospital, 38122 Trento, Italy)

  • Silvia De Rosa

    (Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Santa Chiara Hospital, 38122 Trento, Italy
    Centre for Medical Sciences—CISMed, University of Trento, 38122 Trento, Italy)

  • Giacomo Bellani

    (Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Santa Chiara Hospital, 38122 Trento, Italy
    Centre for Medical Sciences—CISMed, University of Trento, 38122 Trento, Italy)

  • Michele Umbrello

    (Department of Intensive Care Unit, San Carlo Borromeo University Hospital, 20142 Milan, Italy)

Abstract

Purpose: To assess the prevalence of symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in survivors of COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome that needed ICU care; to investigate risk factors and their impact on the Health-Related Quality of life (HR-QoL). Materials and Methods: This multicenter, prospective, observational study included all patients who were discharged from the ICU. Patients were administered the European Quality of Life 5 Dimensions 5 Level Version (EQ-5D-5L) questionnaire, the Short-Form Health Survey 36Version 2 (SF-36v2), a socioeconomic question set and the Impact of Event Scale—Revised (IES-R) to assess PTSD. Results: The multivariate logistic regression model found that an International Standard Classification of Education Score (ISCED) higher than 2 (OR 3.42 (95% CI 1.28–9.85)), monthly income less than EUR 1500 (OR 0.36 (95% CI 0.13–0.97)), and more than two comorbidities (OR 4.62 (95% CI 1.33–16.88)) are risk factors for developing PTSD symptoms. Patients with PTSD symptoms are more likely to present a worsening in their quality of life as assessed by EQ-5D-5L and SF-36 scales. Conclusion: The main factors associated with the development of PTSD-related symptoms were a higher education level, a lower monthly income, and more than two comorbidities. Patients who developed symptoms of PTSD reported a significantly lower Health-Related Quality of life as compared to patients without PTSD. Future research areas should be oriented toward recognizing potential psychosocial and psychopathological variables capable of influencing the quality of life of patients discharged from the intensive care unit to better recognize the prognosis and longtime effects of diseases.

Suggested Citation

  • Sara Miori & Andrea Sanna & Sergio Lassola & Erica Cicolini & Roberto Zanella & Sandra Magnoni & Silvia De Rosa & Giacomo Bellani & Michele Umbrello, 2023. "Incidence, Risk Factors, and Consequences of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms in Survivors of COVID-19-Related ARDS," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(8), pages 1-14, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:8:p:5504-:d:1123107
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Cristina Mazza & Eleonora Ricci & Silvia Biondi & Marco Colasanti & Stefano Ferracuti & Christian Napoli & Paolo Roma, 2020. "A Nationwide Survey of Psychological Distress among Italian People during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(9), pages 1-14, May.
    2. Yao Sun & Shiang-Yi Lin & Kevin Kien Hoa Chung, 2020. "University Students’ Perceived Peer Support and Experienced Depressive Symptoms during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Mediating Role of Emotional Well-Being," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(24), pages 1-13, December.
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