IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v20y2023i4p3123-d1064381.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Risk and Protective Factors for Frailty in Pre-Frail and Frail Older Adults

Author

Listed:
  • Juan Corral-Pérez

    (ExPhy Research Group, Department of Physical Education, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, 11519 Cadiz, Spain
    Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, 11009 Cadiz, Spain)

  • Laura Ávila-Cabeza-de-Vaca

    (ExPhy Research Group, Department of Physical Education, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, 11519 Cadiz, Spain
    Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, 11009 Cadiz, Spain)

  • Andrea González-Mariscal

    (ExPhy Research Group, Department of Physical Education, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, 11519 Cadiz, Spain
    Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, 11009 Cadiz, Spain)

  • Milagrosa Espinar-Toledo

    (Clinical Management Unit, Malaga-Guadalhorce Health District, Rincón de la Victoria, 29730 Malaga, Spain)

  • Jesús G. Ponce-González

    (ExPhy Research Group, Department of Physical Education, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, 11519 Cadiz, Spain
    Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, 11009 Cadiz, Spain)

  • Cristina Casals

    (ExPhy Research Group, Department of Physical Education, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, 11519 Cadiz, Spain
    Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, 11009 Cadiz, Spain)

  • María Ángeles Vázquez-Sánchez

    (Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
    PASOS Research Group, UMA REDIAS Network of Law and Artificial Intelligence Applied to Health and Biotechnology, University of Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain)

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the differences in body composition, physical function, and physical activity between pre-frail/frail older adults and to detect risk and protective factors against frailty and physical frailty. Fried’s criteria for frailty and physical frailty using the short-performance physical battery (SPPB) were measured in 179 older participants (75.3 ± 6.4 years old). Body weight, height, and waist, arm, and leg circumferences were obtained as body composition variables. Daily accelerometer outcomes (physical activity and inactivity) were obtained. Pre-frail participants showed overall better physical function and spent more time in physical activity and less time in long inactivity periods than frail participants ( p < 0.05). Risk frailty factors were higher waist perimeter (Odds Ratio [OR]: 1.032, 95%CI: 1.003–1.062), low leg performance (OR: 1.025, 95%CI: 1.008–1.043), and inactivity periods longer than 30 min (OR:1.002, 95%CI: 1.000–1.005). Protective factors were standing balance (OR:0.908, 95%CI: 0.831–0.992) and SPPB score (OR: 0.908, 95%CI: 0.831–0.992) for frailty, handgrip strength (OR: 0.902, 95%CI: 0.844–0.964) for physical frailty, and light (OR: 0.986, 95%CI: 0.976–0.996) and moderate-to-vigorous (OR: 0.983, 95%CI: 0.972–0.996) physical activity for both. Our findings suggest that handgrip strength, balance, and physical activity are protective frailty factors and can be monitored in pre-frail older adults. Moreover, poor lower body performance and long inactivity periods are frailty risk factors, which highlights their importance in frailty assessment.

Suggested Citation

  • Juan Corral-Pérez & Laura Ávila-Cabeza-de-Vaca & Andrea González-Mariscal & Milagrosa Espinar-Toledo & Jesús G. Ponce-González & Cristina Casals & María Ángeles Vázquez-Sánchez, 2023. "Risk and Protective Factors for Frailty in Pre-Frail and Frail Older Adults," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(4), pages 1-11, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:4:p:3123-:d:1064381
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/20/4/3123/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/20/4/3123/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Edgar Dobriban & Art B. Owen, 2019. "Deterministic parallel analysis: an improved method for selecting factors and principal components," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B, Royal Statistical Society, vol. 81(1), pages 163-183, February.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Ling Chen & Yuqi Gu, 2024. "A Spectral Method for Identifiable Grade of Membership Analysis with Binary Responses," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 89(2), pages 626-657, June.
    2. Leeb, William, 2021. "A note on identifiability conditions in confirmatory factor analysis," Statistics & Probability Letters, Elsevier, vol. 178(C).
    3. Chon, Sora, 2020. "International Inflation Synchronization and Implications," KDI Journal of Economic Policy, Korea Development Institute (KDI), vol. 42(2), pages 57-84.
    4. Daniel Czarnowske & Amrei Stammann, 2020. "Inference in Unbalanced Panel Data Models with Interactive Fixed Effects," Papers 2004.03414, arXiv.org.
    5. Chen, Yunxiao & Li, Xiaoou, 2022. "Determining the number of factors in high-dimensional generalized latent factor models," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 111574, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    6. Y Chen & X Li, 2022. "Determining the number of factors in high-dimensional generalized latent factor models [Eigenvalue ratio test for the number of factors]," Biometrika, Biometrika Trust, vol. 109(3), pages 769-782.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:4:p:3123-:d:1064381. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.