IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v20y2023i23p7096-d1285463.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Social Outbreak in Chile, and Its Association with the Effects Biological, Psychological, Social, and Quality of Life

Author

Listed:
  • Solange Parra-Soto

    (Departamento de Nutrición y Salud Pública, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillan 3780000, Chile
    School Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Samuel Duran-Aguero

    (Facultad de Ciencias para el Cuidado de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Sede Los Leones, Santiago 7500000, Chile
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Francisco Vargas-Silva

    (Facultad de Odontología y Ciencias de la Rehabilitación, Universidad San Sebastián, Sede Los Leones, Santiago 7500000, Chile)

  • Katherine Vázquez-Morales

    (Facultad de Odontología y Ciencias de la Rehabilitación, Universidad San Sebastián, Sede Los Leones, Santiago 7500000, Chile)

  • Rafael Pizarro-Mena

    (Facultad de Odontología y Ciencias de la Rehabilitación, Universidad San Sebastián, Sede Los Leones, Santiago 7500000, Chile)

Abstract

The World Health Organization has defined collective violence as the instrumental use of violence by people who identify themselves as members of a group against other individuals and have political, economic, or social objectives. In Chile, the “Social Outbreak” was used to describe an episode of collective violence, which began on October 18, 2019, triggered by a multitude of socioeconomic and political factors, with protests and mobilizations in the country’s large and small cities; in central, commercial, and residential areas, that lasted for several months, affecting a large part of the population. The objective of the present study was to associate the social outbreak in Chile with its biological, psychological, and social effects on people’s health and quality of life, as well as its characteristics in terms of exposure, proximity, type, and frequency. This was a cross-sectional study with non-probabilistic national-level sampling, conducted from 28 November 2019, to 3 March 2020. The instrument had four sections. A total of 2651 participants answered the survey; 70.8% were female, and the mean age was 35.2. The main disturbances perceived were protests (70.9%), alarm sounds (68.1%), shooting sounds (59.0%), and tear gas bombs (56.9%). When quantifying the magnitude of these associations, people who had a medium exposure have a higher probability (OR: 1.99, CI: 1.58; 2.50) of suffering three or more biological effects than people that have a low exposure, while people with higher exposition have a 4.09 times higher probability (CI: 3.11; 5.38). A similar pattern was observed regarding psychological effects, although social effects were primarily experienced by those with high exposure. Social networks, TV, and radio were the most used media among people who perceived a greater effect. People who lived, worked, or shopped near the disturbance’s areas show a higher proportion negative effect.

Suggested Citation

  • Solange Parra-Soto & Samuel Duran-Aguero & Francisco Vargas-Silva & Katherine Vázquez-Morales & Rafael Pizarro-Mena, 2023. "Social Outbreak in Chile, and Its Association with the Effects Biological, Psychological, Social, and Quality of Life," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(23), pages 1-17, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:23:p:7096-:d:1285463
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/20/23/7096/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/20/23/7096/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. repec:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/ajph.2016.303651_9 is not listed on IDEAS
    2. Ni, M.Y. & Li, T.K. & Pang, H. & Chan, B.H.Y. & Kawachi, I. & Viswanath, K. & Schooling, C.M. & Leung, G.M., 2017. "Longitudinal patterns and predictors of depression trajectories related to the 2014 occupy central/umbrella movement in Hong Kong," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 107(4), pages 593-600.
    3. Rafael Pizarro-Mena & Samuel Duran-Aguero & Solange Parra-Soto & Francisco Vargas-Silva & Sebastian Bello-Lepe & Mauricio Fuentes-Alburquenque, 2022. "Effects of a Structured Multicomponent Physical Exercise Intervention on Quality of Life and Biopsychosocial Health among Chilean Older Adults from the Community with Controlled Multimorbidity: A Pre–," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(23), pages 1-17, November.
    4. Fernando Arias & Ariel Guerra-Adames & Maytee Zambrano & Efraín Quintero-Guerra & Nathalia Tejedor-Flores, 2022. "Analyzing Spanish-Language Public Sentiment in the Context of a Pandemic and Social Unrest: The Panama Case," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(16), pages 1-19, August.
    5. Indu Ayappa & Yingfeng Chen & Nisha Bagchi & Haley Sanders & Kathleen Black & Akosua Twumasi & David M. Rapoport & Shou-En Lu & Jag Sunderram, 2019. "The Association between Health Conditions in World Trade Center Responders and Sleep-Related Quality of Life and Sleep Complaints," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-12, April.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Duarte, Fabián & Jiménez-Molina, Álvaro, 2024. "Exploring the impact of social protest on mental health: A study of the 2019 “Social Uprising” in Chile," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 340(C).
    2. Ryan, Sophia C. & Sugg, Margaret M. & Runkle, Jennifer D. & Wertis, Luke & Singh, Devyani & Green, Shannon, 2024. "Short-term changes in mental health help-seeking behaviors following exposure to multiple social stressors and a natural disaster," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 348(C).
    3. Rath, Abigail A. & Lau, Eric HY. & Schooling, C Mary, 2022. "The impact of the minimum wage on suicide rates in Hong Kong," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 314(C).
    4. Robert M. Brackbill & Judith M. Graber & William A. (Allen) Robison, 2019. "Editorial for “Long-Term Health Effects of the 9/11 Disaster” in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health , 2019," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(18), pages 1-6, September.
    5. Sylvia Xiaohua Chen & Jacky C. K. Ng & Wesley C. H. Wu, 2022. "Social axiom and group identity explain participation in a societal event in Hong Kong," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 9(1), pages 1-11, December.
    6. Wnuk, Anna & Oleksy, Tomasz & Gambin, Małgorzata & Woźniak-Prus, Małgorzata & Łyś, Agnieszka & Holas, Paweł, 2023. "Collective action mitigates the negative effects of COVID-19 threat and anti-abortion restrictions on mental health," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 335(C).
    7. Andréanne Angehrn & Michelle J. N. Teale Sapach & Rosemary Ricciardelli & Renée S. MacPhee & Gregory S. Anderson & R. Nicholas Carleton, 2020. "Sleep Quality and Mental Disorder Symptoms among Canadian Public Safety Personnel," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(8), pages 1-14, April.
    8. Randolph C. H. Chan & Winnie W. S. Mak & Wing-Yi Chan & Wan-Ying Lin, 2021. "Effects of Social Movement Participation on Political Efficacy and Well-Being: A Longitudinal Study of Civically Engaged Youth," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 22(5), pages 1981-2001, June.
    9. Xiaojun Liu & Jingshu Chen & Jiayi Zhou & Jianjian Liu & Chanida Lertpitakpong & Anran Tan & Shaotang Wu & Zongfu Mao, 2019. "The Relationship between the Number of Daily Health-Related Behavioral Risk Factors and Sleep Health of the Elderly in China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(24), pages 1-10, December.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:23:p:7096-:d:1285463. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.