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Prevalence of Cigarettes and Waterpipe Smoking among Jordanians, Refugees, and Migrants in Jordan and Its Associated Factors: A Secondary Data Analysis

Author

Listed:
  • Osama Alkouri

    (Faculty of Nursing, Yarmouk University, Irbid 2116, Jordan)

  • Yousef Khader

    (Department of Public Health, Community Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 21163, Jordan)

  • Ahmad M. Al-Bashaireh

    (Faculty of Health Science, Higher Colleges of Technology, Fujairah 23036, United Arab Emirates)

Abstract

Smoking is a major public health threat resulting in increased morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of current smoking among different adult populations in Jordan, including Jordanians, refugees, and migrants and determine the factors associated with smoking. A cross-sectional survey was conducted during the period of June–September 2021 among Jordanians, Syrian refugees (both urban and camp refugees), and migrants living in four governorates in Jordan, including Amman, Zarqa, Mafraq, and Irbid. The selection of the four governorates was based on criteria related to the presence of Syrian refugees in host communities. The highest prevalence of cigarette smoking was among urban Jordanians (51.1%), followed by non-camp refugees (46.7%), while the highest prevalence for waterpipe (43.2%) and dual smoking (28.7%) was among non-camp refugees. Being male, aged 25–45 years old, unemployed, and having less than a high school education, as well as being urban Jordanians, were all associated with higher odds of cigarette smoking. Being male, unemployed, and urban Jordanians or non-camp refugees were variables associated with higher odds of waterpipe smoking. The study findings indicate that the identification of smoking prevalence in Jordan and its associated factors, including gender, educational level, employment status, regional area, migration, and exposure to traumas, should be considered by healthcare providers to formulate smoking cessation programs tailored to their needs and ultimately reduce smoking prevalence.

Suggested Citation

  • Osama Alkouri & Yousef Khader & Ahmad M. Al-Bashaireh, 2022. "Prevalence of Cigarettes and Waterpipe Smoking among Jordanians, Refugees, and Migrants in Jordan and Its Associated Factors: A Secondary Data Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(1), pages 1-10, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2022:i:1:p:82-:d:1010223
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Qing Wang & Jay J. Shen & Chris Cochran, 2016. "Unemployment Rate, Smoking in China: Are They Related?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-12, January.
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