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Nighttime Sleep Awakening Frequency and Its Consistency Predict Future Academic Performance in College Students

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  • Ghee Wee Ho

    (Applied Psychology Programme, Division of Science and Technology, BNU-HKBU United International College, 2000 Jintong Rd, Tangjiawan, Zhuhai 519087, China)

  • Zhenzhi Yang

    (Applied Psychology Programme, Division of Science and Technology, BNU-HKBU United International College, 2000 Jintong Rd, Tangjiawan, Zhuhai 519087, China)

  • Linna Xing

    (Applied Psychology Programme, Division of Science and Technology, BNU-HKBU United International College, 2000 Jintong Rd, Tangjiawan, Zhuhai 519087, China)

  • Ken Kang-Too Tsang

    (Statistics Programme, Division of Science and Technology, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai 519087, China)

  • Huada Daniel Ruan

    (Environmental Science Programme, Division of Science and Technology, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai 519087, China)

  • Yu Li

    (Applied Psychology Programme, Division of Science and Technology, BNU-HKBU United International College, 2000 Jintong Rd, Tangjiawan, Zhuhai 519087, China)

Abstract

Although the relationship between sleep and academic performance has been extensively examined, how sleep predicts future academic performance (e.g., 2–3 years) remains to be further investigated. Using wearable smartwatches and a self-report questionnaire, we tracked sleep activities of 45 college students over a period of approximately half a month to see whether their sleep activities predicted their academic performance, which was estimated by grade point average (GPA). Results showed that both nighttime sleep awakening frequency and its consistency in the tracking period were not significantly correlated with the GPA for the courses taken in the sleep tracking semester (current GPA). However, both nighttime sleep awakening frequency and its consistency inversely predicted the GPA for the rest of the courses taken after that semester (future GPA). Moreover, students with more difficulty staying awake throughout the day obtained lower current and future GPAs, and students with higher inconsistency of sleep quality obtained lower future GPA. Together, these findings highlight the importance of nighttime sleep awakening frequency and consistency in predicting future academic performance, and emphasize the necessity of assessing the consistency of sleep measures in future studies.

Suggested Citation

  • Ghee Wee Ho & Zhenzhi Yang & Linna Xing & Ken Kang-Too Tsang & Huada Daniel Ruan & Yu Li, 2022. "Nighttime Sleep Awakening Frequency and Its Consistency Predict Future Academic Performance in College Students," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(5), pages 1-13, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:5:p:2933-:d:762809
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Robert Stickgold, 2005. "Sleep-dependent memory consolidation," Nature, Nature, vol. 437(7063), pages 1272-1278, October.
    3. Kimberly M. Fenn & Howard C. Nusbaum & Daniel Margoliash, 2003. "Consolidation during sleep of perceptual learning of spoken language," Nature, Nature, vol. 425(6958), pages 614-616, October.
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