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Gender Differences in Smoking Initiation and Cessation Associated with the Intergenerational Transfer of Smoking across Three Generations: The Nagahama Study

Author

Listed:
  • Sachiko Nakagawa

    (Department of Medical Ethics and Medical Genetics, Kyoto University School of Public Health, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan)

  • Yoshimitsu Takahashi

    (Department of Health Informatics, Kyoto University School of Public Health, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan)

  • Takeo Nakayama

    (Department of Health Informatics, Kyoto University School of Public Health, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan)

  • Shigeo Muro

    (Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nara Medical University, Nara 634-8521, Japan)

  • Michiaki Mishima

    (Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan)

  • Akihiro Sekine

    (Center for Preventive Medical Science, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan)

  • Yasuharu Tabara

    (Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan)

  • Fumihiko Matsuda

    (Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan)

  • Shinji Kosugi

    (Department of Medical Ethics and Medical Genetics, Kyoto University School of Public Health, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan)

Abstract

Global tobacco policies lowered overall and male smoking rates, but female smoking rates have remained unchanged. Parent–child studies revealed the effects of parental smoking, but gender differences had mixed results. We investigated the effects of long-term smoking behavior in families over three generations in order to clarify gender differences. A cross-sectional study in a community-based genome cohort was conducted using a self-reported questionnaire. A total of 8652 respondents were stratified by gender regarding smoking initiation. A logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the family smoking history. A total of 2987 current smokers and ever-smokers were compared regarding smoking cessation. With respect to smoking initiation, women were affected by their smoking mothers (odds ratio (OR), 2.4; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.8–3.2) and grandmothers (OR, 1.7; CI, 1.1–2.4). Women who continued smoking were affected only by their smoking mothers (OR, 1.6; CI, 1.05–2.49). In conclusion, gender differences in smoking initiation and cessation are possibly associated with family smoking history. Mothers and grandmothers were shown to have a strong influence on women with respect to both smoking initiation and cessation. Future research should focus on providing evidence for effective gender-specific intervention programs to curb long-term smoking in women.

Suggested Citation

  • Sachiko Nakagawa & Yoshimitsu Takahashi & Takeo Nakayama & Shigeo Muro & Michiaki Mishima & Akihiro Sekine & Yasuharu Tabara & Fumihiko Matsuda & Shinji Kosugi, 2022. "Gender Differences in Smoking Initiation and Cessation Associated with the Intergenerational Transfer of Smoking across Three Generations: The Nagahama Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(3), pages 1-13, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:3:p:1511-:d:737107
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    3. Ahnna Lee & Kang-Sook Lee & Dahyeon Lee & Hyeju Ahn & Hyun-Kyung Lee & Hyekyeong Kim & Jakyoung Lee & Hong-Gwan Seo, 2021. "The Utilization of National Tobacco Cessation Services among Female Smokers and the Need for a Gender-Responsive Approach," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(10), pages 1-13, May.
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    5. Kandel, D.B. & Wu, P. & Davies, M., 1994. "Maternal smoking during pregnancy and smoking by adolescent daughters," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 84(9), pages 1407-1413.
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