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The Correlation of Built Environment on Hypertension, and Weight Status amongst Adolescence in Saudi Arabia

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  • Anwar Al-Nuaim

    (Physical Education Department, Education College, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia)

  • Ayazullah Safi

    (Centre for Nutraceuticals, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1W 6UW, UK)

Abstract

The prevalence of hypertension is becoming more common in children and adolescents than ever before. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the associations between the built environment on physical activity, sedentary behaviour, waist circumference, and health amongst adolescents in Saudi Arabia. A systolic and diastolic blood pressure, resting heart rate and waist circumference of 380 boys and girls aged between 15–19 years old (male = 199 and females = 181) were measured. The International physical activity Questionnaire Short Form was used to assess the physical activity levels and time spent sitting. The statistical analysis conducted were means and standard deviation, 2-way and 3-way of variance (ANOVA), Bonferroni post hoc tests, Chi-squared distribution and Pearson’s correlations. Among males, 16.75% were classified as hypertensive, 12.69% as pre-hypertensive, and 70.56% as normal whereas, females, 23.20% were classified as hypertensive, 12.15% as pre-hypertensive and 64.64% as normal. There were significant differences ( F 1,379 = 16.50, p < 0.001) between males and females waist circumference. Pearson’s correlation also revealed significant positive relationships in sedentary time ( r = 0.123, p < 0.016), WC ( r = 0.104, p < 0.043), and systolic blood pressure ( r = 0.110, p < 0.032). The results revealed that systolic and diastolic blood pressure are significantly related to multiple measures of weight status, and sedentary behaviour. The results also highlight that active youth had lower resting heart rate compared to inactive peers. The present findings provide a foundation of knowledge for future research and highlight the major need for research and policy interventions, to address the concerning health habits of Al-Ahsa youth and broader Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Suggested Citation

  • Anwar Al-Nuaim & Ayazullah Safi, 2022. "The Correlation of Built Environment on Hypertension, and Weight Status amongst Adolescence in Saudi Arabia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(24), pages 1-11, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:24:p:16763-:d:1002733
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Eric T. H. Chan & Tim Schwanen & David Banister, 2021. "The role of perceived environment, neighbourhood characteristics, and attitudes in walking behaviour: evidence from a rapidly developing city in China," Transportation, Springer, vol. 48(1), pages 431-454, February.
    2. Peter Barlow & Sean Lyons & Anne Nolan, 2021. "How Perceived Adequacy of Open Public Space Is Related to Objective Green Space and Individuals’ Opinions of Area-Level Quality," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(15), pages 1-15, July.
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    Cited by:

    1. Anwar Al-Nuaim & Ayazullah Safi, 2023. "Factors Influencing Saudi Youth Physical Activity Participation: A Qualitative Study Based on the Social Ecological Model," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(10), pages 1-15, May.

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