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The Sex and Race/Ethnicity-Specific Relationships of Abdominal Fat Distribution and Anthropometric Indices in US Adults

Author

Listed:
  • Furong Xu

    (School of Education, University of Rhode Island, 142 Flagg Road, Kingston, RI 02881, USA)

  • Jacob E. Earp

    (Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA)

  • Alessandra Adami

    (Department of Kinesiology, University of Rhode Island, Independence Square, Kingston, RI 02881, USA)

  • Ingrid E. Lofgren

    (Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Fogarty Hall, Kingston, RI 02881, USA)

  • Matthew J. Delmonico

    (Department of Kinesiology, University of Rhode Island, Independence Square, Kingston, RI 02881, USA)

  • Geoffrey W. Greene

    (Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Fogarty Hall, Kingston, RI 02881, USA)

  • Deborah Riebe

    (Department of Kinesiology, University of Rhode Island, Independence Square, Kingston, RI 02881, USA)

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine demographic-specific relationships between direct abdominal fat measures and anthropometric indices. A cross-sectional study was conducted utilizing abdominal fat measures (visceral fat area, VFA; visceral to subcutaneous adipose area ratio, VSR) and anthropometrics (body mass index, BMI; waist circumference, WC) data from the 2011–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Linear or polynomial linear regression models were used to examine the relationships of abdominal fat measures to anthropometrics with adjustment for demographics. The results revealed that while VFA was linearly related to BMI and WC across all demographics ( p < 0.001), the relationships between VSR and both BMI and WC were concave in men and convex in women. The relationships between VFA, VSR, and BMI, WC varied by sex and race/ethnicity. In conclusion, increasing BMI and WC were linearly associated with increased VFA, but their relationships with VSR were nonlinear and differed by sex.

Suggested Citation

  • Furong Xu & Jacob E. Earp & Alessandra Adami & Ingrid E. Lofgren & Matthew J. Delmonico & Geoffrey W. Greene & Deborah Riebe, 2022. "The Sex and Race/Ethnicity-Specific Relationships of Abdominal Fat Distribution and Anthropometric Indices in US Adults," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(23), pages 1-12, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:23:p:15521-:d:981308
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Jean-Pierre Després & Isabelle Lemieux, 2006. "Abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome," Nature, Nature, vol. 444(7121), pages 881-887, December.
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