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The Triple Burden of Tuberculosis, Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Silicosis among Artisanal and Small-Scale Miners in Zimbabwe

Author

Listed:
  • Dingani Moyo

    (Baines Occupational Health Services, Harare 024, Zimbabwe
    Occupational Health Division, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa
    Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The National University of Science and Technology, Bulawayo 029, Zimbabwe
    Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Midlands State University, P Bag 9005, Gweru 054, Zimbabwe)

  • Ronald Ncube

    (The Union Zimbabwe Trust, Harare 024, Zimbabwe)

  • Fungai Kavenga

    (Ministry of Health and Child Care, Harare 024, Zimbabwe)

  • Lilian Chikwava

    (Baines Occupational Health Services, Harare 024, Zimbabwe)

  • Tawanda Mapuranga

    (The Union Zimbabwe Trust, Harare 024, Zimbabwe)

  • Nathan Chiboyiwa

    (Ministry of Health and Child Care, Harare 024, Zimbabwe
    Family Medicine, Global and Public Health Unit, Department of Primary Health Care Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare 024, Zimbabwe)

  • Chipo Chimunhu

    (Jointed Hands Welfare Organization, Gweru 054, Zimbabwe)

  • Frank Mudzingwa

    (Hospice and Palliative Care Association of Zimbabwe, Harare 054, Zimbabwe)

  • Orippa Muzvidziwa

    (Baines Occupational Health Services, Harare 024, Zimbabwe)

  • Petronella Ncube

    (Baines Occupational Health Services, Harare 024, Zimbabwe)

  • Tariro Christwish Mando

    (Ministry of Health and Child Care, Harare 024, Zimbabwe
    Family Medicine, Global and Public Health Unit, Department of Primary Health Care Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare 024, Zimbabwe)

  • Florence Moyo

    (Baines Occupational Health Services, Harare 024, Zimbabwe
    Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Zimbabwe Open University, Harare 024, Zimbabwe)

  • Blessings Chigaraza

    (Baines Occupational Health Services, Harare 024, Zimbabwe)

  • Hellen Masvingo

    (Baines Occupational Health Services, Harare 024, Zimbabwe)

  • Collins Timire

    (Ministry of Health and Child Care, Harare 024, Zimbabwe)

Abstract

Artisanal and small-scale mining is characterized by an excessive exposure to silica-containing dust, overcrowding, poor living conditions and limited access to primary health services. This poses a risk to tuberculosis, HIV infection and silicosis. The main purpose of the study is to evaluate the burden of tuberculosis, HIV and silicosis among artisanal and small-scale miners. We conducted a cross sectional study on 3821 artisanal and small-scale miners. We found a high burden of silicosis (19%), tuberculosis (6.8%) and HIV (18%) in a relatively young population, with the mean age of 35.5 years. Men were 1.8 times more likely to be diagnosed with silicosis compared to women, adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR = 1.75 (95% CI: 1.02–2.74)]. Artisanal and small-scale miners who were living with HIV were 1.25 times more likely to be diagnosed with silicosis compared to those who were negative, [aPR = 1.25 (1.00–1.57)]. The risk of silicosis increased with both duration as a miner and severity of exposure to silica dust. The risk of tuberculosis increased with the duration as a miner. Zimbabwe is currently experiencing a high burden of TB, silicosis and HIV among artisanal and small-scale miners. Multi-sectoral and innovative interventions are required to stem this triple epidemic in Zimbabwe.

Suggested Citation

  • Dingani Moyo & Ronald Ncube & Fungai Kavenga & Lilian Chikwava & Tawanda Mapuranga & Nathan Chiboyiwa & Chipo Chimunhu & Frank Mudzingwa & Orippa Muzvidziwa & Petronella Ncube & Tariro Christwish Mand, 2022. "The Triple Burden of Tuberculosis, Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Silicosis among Artisanal and Small-Scale Miners in Zimbabwe," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(21), pages 1-14, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:21:p:13822-:d:951641
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Dingani Moyo & Christopher Zishiri & Ronald Ncube & Godknows Madziva & Charles Sandy & Reginald Mhene & Nicholas Siziba & Fungai Kavenga & Florence Moyo & Orippa Muzvidziwa & Petronella Ncube & Blessi, 2021. "Tuberculosis and Silicosis Burden in Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Miners in a Large Occupational Health Outreach Programme in Zimbabwe," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(21), pages 1-11, October.
    2. Niladri Basu & Edith Clarke & Allyson Green & Benedict Calys-Tagoe & Laurie Chan & Mawuli Dzodzomenyo & Julius Fobil & Rachel N. Long & Richard L. Neitzel & Samuel Obiri & Eric Odei & Lauretta Ovadje , 2015. "Integrated Assessment of Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mining in Ghana—Part 1: Human Health Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-34, May.
    3. Hermínio Cossa & Rahel Scheidegger & Andrea Leuenberger & Priska Ammann & Khátia Munguambe & Jürg Utzinger & Eusébio Macete & Mirko S. Winkler, 2021. "Health Studies in the Context of Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining: A Scoping Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-24, February.
    4. Emma K. Austin & Carole James & John Tessier, 2021. "Early Detection Methods for Silicosis in Australia and Internationally: A Review of the Literature," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(15), pages 1-24, July.
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    Cited by:

    1. Dingani Moyo & Fungai Kavenga & Ronald Thulani Ncube & Farai Peter Macheri & Tariro Christwish Mando & Florence Moyo & Orippa Muzvidziwa & Mpokiseng Ncube & Hellen Masvingo & Blessings Chigaraza & And, 2023. "Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Artisanal and Small-Scale Miners regarding Tuberculosis, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, and Silicosis in Zimbabwe," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(23), pages 1-11, November.
    2. Dingani Moyo & Fungai Kavenga & Florence Moyo & Orippa Muzvidziwa & Godknows Madziva & Blessings Chigaraza & Mpokiseng Ncube & Precious Madadangoma & Hellen Masvingo & Tafadzwa Charity Muperi & Tariro, 2024. "Health Screening Strategies for Artisanal and Small-Scale Miners for Tuberculosis, Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Silicosis: A Case of the USAID-Supported Kunda Nqob’iTB Project in Zimbabwe," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 21(1), pages 1-11, January.

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