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Current Perspectives of Cross-Country Mountain Biking: Physiological and Mechanical Aspects, Evolution of Bikes, Accidents and Injuries

Author

Listed:
  • Rhaí André Arriel

    (Department of Physiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-330, Brazil)

  • Hiago L. R. Souza

    (Department of Physiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-330, Brazil)

  • Jeffer Eidi Sasaki

    (Laboratory UFTM, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba 38061-500, Brazil)

  • Moacir Marocolo

    (Department of Physiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-330, Brazil)

Abstract

Mountain biking (MTB) is a cycling modality performed on a variety of unpaved terrain. Although the cross-country Olympic race is the most popular cross-country (XC) format, other XC events have gained increased attention. XC-MTB has repeatedly modified its rules and race format. Moreover, bikes have been modified throughout the years in order to improve riding performance. Therefore, the aim of this review was to present the most relevant studies and discuss the main results on the XC-MTB. Limited evidence on the topic suggests that the XC-MTB events present a variation in exercise intensity, demanding cardiovascular fitness and high power output. Nonetheless, these responses and demands seem to change according to each event. The characteristics of the cyclists differ according to the performance level, suggesting that these parameters may be important to achieve superior performance in XC-MTB. Moreover, factors such as pacing and ability to perform technical sections of the circuit might influence general performance. Bicycles equipped with front and rear suspension (i.e., full suspension) and 29″ wheels have been shown to be effective on the XC circuit. Lastly, strategies such as protective equipment, bike fit, resistance training and accident prevention measures can reduce the severity and the number of injuries.

Suggested Citation

  • Rhaí André Arriel & Hiago L. R. Souza & Jeffer Eidi Sasaki & Moacir Marocolo, 2022. "Current Perspectives of Cross-Country Mountain Biking: Physiological and Mechanical Aspects, Evolution of Bikes, Accidents and Injuries," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(19), pages 1-23, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:19:p:12552-:d:931291
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jean-François Mignot, 2016. "The History of Professional Road Cycling," Sports Economics, Management, and Policy, in: Daam Van Reeth & Daniel Joseph Larson (ed.), The Economics of Professional Road Cycling, edition 1, chapter 0, pages 7-31, Springer.
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