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Social Responsibility and Spiritual Intelligence: University Students’ Attitudes during COVID-19

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  • Pedro Severino-González

    (Departamento de Economía y Administración, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Económicas, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3480094, Chile)

  • Victoria Toro-Lagos

    (Escuela de Ingeniería Comercial, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Económicas, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3480094, Chile)

  • Miguel A. Santinelli-Ramos

    (Facultad de Responsabilidad Social, Universidad Anáhuac, Huixquilucan 52780, Mexico)

  • José Romero-Argueta

    (Ministerio de Educación, Ciencia y Tecnología de El Salvador, San Francisco Gotera 3201, El Salvador
    Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Tecnológica de El Salvador, San Salvador 06006, El Salvador
    Facultad de Ciencias y Humanidades, Universidad Gerardo Barrios, Usulután 0614, El Salvador)

  • Giusseppe Sarmiento-Peralta

    (Departamento de Tecnología Médica, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima 1500, Peru)

  • Ian S. Kinney

    (Department of Foreign Languages, Central Washington University, Ellensburg, WA 98926, USA)

  • Reynier Ramírez-Molina

    (Departamento de Ciencias Empresariales, Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia)

  • Francisco Villar-Olaeta

    (Departamento de Sociología, Ciencia Política y Administración Pública, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco 4780000, Chile)

Abstract

Human behavior during COVID-19 has led to the study of attitude and preferences among the population in different circumstances. In this sense, studying human behavior can contribute to creating policies for integral education, which should consider the convergence between social responsibility and spiritual intelligence. This can lead to the sensitization of practices and attitude modification within society. The purpose of our research was to explore the spiritual intelligence attitudes of university students from the perspective of social responsibility, considering the sociodemographic characteristics of the research subjects during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our research design is quantitative and sectional, due to the use of two quantitative scales. The participants were university students from a city located in south-central Chile. A total of 415 participations were collected, of which 362 applications were valid. Statistically significant differences were found according to gender and age. Women and the student cohort between 18 and 24 years of age placed more importance on spiritual necessities. We thus highlight the necessity to have adequate spaces for spiritual intelligence training given its links with socially responsible behavior and, finally, the development of explanatory studies to determine its causalities. In practice, these results contribute to designing an educational policy on the formation of integral spiritual intelligence for future professionals.

Suggested Citation

  • Pedro Severino-González & Victoria Toro-Lagos & Miguel A. Santinelli-Ramos & José Romero-Argueta & Giusseppe Sarmiento-Peralta & Ian S. Kinney & Reynier Ramírez-Molina & Francisco Villar-Olaeta, 2022. "Social Responsibility and Spiritual Intelligence: University Students’ Attitudes during COVID-19," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(19), pages 1-14, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:19:p:11911-:d:920409
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Sohail Akhtar & Mohd Anuar Arshad & Arshad Mahmood & Adeel Ahmed, 2018. "Gaining recognition of Islamic spiritual intelligence for organisational sustainability," International Journal of Ethics and Systems, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 34(1), pages 70-77, February.
    2. Pedro Severino-González & Dolores Gallardo-Vázquez & Constanza Ortuya-Poblete & José Romero-Argueta & Efraín Tunjo-Buitrago & Felipe Arenas-Torres & Giusseppe Sarmiento-Peralta, 2022. "Social Responsibility: Sustainable Development Goals and COVID-19—Perception Scale of Students from Higher Education Institutions," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(9), pages 1-15, April.
    3. Seyfettin Erdo an & Durmu a r Y ld r m & Ayfer Gedikli, 2020. "Relationship Between Oil Revenues and Education in Gulf Cooperation Council Countries," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 10(1), pages 193-201.
    4. Felipe Lillo-Viedma & Pedro Severino-González & Valentin Santander-Ramírez & Leidy Y. García & Nataly Guiñez-Cabrera & Nicolás Astorga-Bustos, 2022. "Corporate Social Responsibility and Social Network Analysis: Unionized Workers’ Perceptions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-15, April.
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