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The North Italian Longitudinal Study Assessing the Mental Health Effects of SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic on Health Care Workers—Part I: Study Design and Psychometric Structural Validity of the HSE Indicator Tool and Work Satisfaction Scale

Author

Listed:
  • Giovanni Veronesi

    (EPIMED Research Center, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy)

  • Emanuele Maria Giusti

    (Psychology Research Laboratory, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, 20149 Milan, Italy
    Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 20123 Milan, Italy)

  • Alessia D’Amato

    (ASST Sette Laghi, 21100 Varese, Italy)

  • Francesco Gianfagna

    (EPIMED Research Center, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
    Mediterranea Cardiocentro, 80122 Napoli, Italy)

  • Rossana Borchini

    (UOS Medicina Preventiva e Legale, ASST Lariana, 22100 Como, Italy)

  • Gianluca Castelnuovo

    (Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 20123 Milan, Italy
    Psychology Research Laboratory, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, 28824 Verbania, Italy)

  • Licia Iacoviello

    (EPIMED Research Center, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
    Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy)

  • Marco Mario Ferrario

    (EPIMED Research Center, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy)

Abstract

Literature on the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on the mental health of Health Care Workers (HCWs) is mostly based on cross-sectional surveys. We designed a longitudinal study to assess work-related stress and mental health before and after the pandemic onset in a university-hospital in Lombardia region, Italy. We report on sample representativeness and structural validity of questionnaires assessing work stress (HSE Indicator Tool, HSE-IT) and work satisfaction (WS), which were not validated in the HCWs population. n = 1287 HCWs from 67 hospital wards/offices were invited to an online survey in summer 2019 (pre-COVID-19 wave) and again during winter 2020 (COVID-19 wave). Selected hospital wards/offices did not differ from the remaining wards for turn-over and down-sizing rates, overload, sick leaves, and night shifts (Wilcoxon rank tests p -values > 0.05). Participation rates were 70% (n = 805) and 60% (n = 431) in the pre-COVID-19 and COVID-19 waves, respectively. Socio-demographic and work-related characteristics did not impact data completeness nor participation to the COVID-19 wave. While confirming a 7-component structure for HSE-IT, we identified a new factor related to participation in work organization. A one-factor model for WS had satisfactory fit. Our longitudinal study based on a representative sample and adopting validated questionnaires is well-suited to elucidate the role of work conditions on the development of mental health disorders in HCWs.

Suggested Citation

  • Giovanni Veronesi & Emanuele Maria Giusti & Alessia D’Amato & Francesco Gianfagna & Rossana Borchini & Gianluca Castelnuovo & Licia Iacoviello & Marco Mario Ferrario, 2022. "The North Italian Longitudinal Study Assessing the Mental Health Effects of SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic on Health Care Workers—Part I: Study Design and Psychometric Structural Validity of the HSE Indicator To," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(15), pages 1-12, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:15:p:9514-:d:878975
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Nicola Magnavita & Paolo Maurizio Soave & Massimo Antonelli, 2021. "A One-Year Prospective Study of Work-Related Mental Health in the Intensivists of a COVID-19 Hub Hospital," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(18), pages 1-12, September.
    2. Ottilia Cassandra Chigwedere & Anvar Sadath & Zubair Kabir & Ella Arensman, 2021. "The Impact of Epidemics and Pandemics on the Mental Health of Healthcare Workers: A Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(13), pages 1-35, June.
    3. Emanuele Maria Giusti & Giovanni Veronesi & Camilla Callegari & Gianluca Castelnuovo & Licia Iacoviello & Marco Mario Ferrario, 2022. "The North Italian Longitudinal Study Assessing the Mental Health Effects of SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic Health Care Workers—Part II: Structural Validity of Scales Assessing Mental Health," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(15), pages 1-16, August.
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