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Effects of Restorative Environment and Presence on Anxiety and Depression Based on Interactive Virtual Reality Scenarios

Author

Listed:
  • Zhimeng Wang

    (Department of Psychology, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
    Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China)

  • Yue Li

    (Department of Psychology, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
    Department of Psychology, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Jingchen An

    (Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Wenyi Dong

    (Department of Psychology, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China)

  • Hongqidi Li

    (Department of Psychology, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China)

  • Huirui Ma

    (Department of Psychology, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China)

  • Junhui Wang

    (Department of Psychology, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China)

  • Jianping Wu

    (Department of Psychology, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China)

  • Ting Jiang

    (Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China)

  • Guangxin Wang

    (Department of Psychology, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China)

Abstract

Anxiety and depression have been growing global mental health problems. The following studies explored the effect of interactive VR scenarios to find a low-cost and high-efficiency solution. Study 1 designed a 2 (anxiety and depression state) × 4 (interactive VR scenarios) experiment, the results of 20 participants showed that the designed scenarios had good restoration and presence, assisting to improve depression mood for people with mild to moderate anxiety and depression. Study 2 further investigated the intervention effects of two environment types (urban and park) and four interactive activities (automatic viewing, free-roaming, fishing, and watering plants in the park environment), based on data from a 10-minute experiment conducted by 195 participants with mild to moderate anxiety and depression. The subjective scales, EEG and EMG, and scenario experience were analyzed and the results showed that: (1) the restorative and present VR scenarios were beneficial in alleviating state anxiety and depression; (2) the restorative environment and presence were significantly and positively related to the reduction of anxiety and depression respectively, moreover, presence mediated the restorative environment on the recovery from anxiety and depression; (3) the environmental settings, the complexity of interaction, human factors, and maturity of VR devices and technology were also key factors that influenced the effects of interactive VR scenario experience and intervention. These studies revealed VR psychological intervention scenarios could be designed with comprehensive factors. Moreover, they might help pave the way for future study in exploring the physiology and psychology mode in virtual and real spaces, enhancing intervention effectiveness.

Suggested Citation

  • Zhimeng Wang & Yue Li & Jingchen An & Wenyi Dong & Hongqidi Li & Huirui Ma & Junhui Wang & Jianping Wu & Ting Jiang & Guangxin Wang, 2022. "Effects of Restorative Environment and Presence on Anxiety and Depression Based on Interactive Virtual Reality Scenarios," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(13), pages 1-27, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:13:p:7878-:d:848900
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    4. Yun Ling & Harold T Nefs & Nexhmedin Morina & Ingrid Heynderickx & Willem-Paul Brinkman, 2014. "A Meta-Analysis on the Relationship between Self-Reported Presence and Anxiety in Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy for Anxiety Disorders," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(5), pages 1-12, May.
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