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A National Accessibility Audit of Primary Health Care Facilities in Brazil—Are People with Disabilities Being Denied Their Right to Health?

Author

Listed:
  • Alexandro Pinto

    (Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Brasília 70904-130, DF, Brazil)

  • Luciana Sepúlveda Köptcke

    (Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Brasília 70904-130, DF, Brazil)

  • Renata David

    (Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Brasília 70904-130, DF, Brazil)

  • Hannah Kuper

    (International Centre for Evidence in Disability, Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK)

Abstract

Poor accessibility of healthcare facilities is a major barrier for people with disabilities when seeking care. Yet, accessibility is rarely routinely audited. This study reports findings from the first national assessment of the accessibility of primary health care facilities, undertaken in Brazil. A national accessibility audit was conducted by trained staff of all 38,812 primary healthcare facilities in Brazil in 2012, using a 22-item structured questionnaire. An overall accessibility score was created (22 items), and three sub-scales: external accessibility (eight items), internal accessibility (eight items), information accessibility (six items). The main finding is that the overall accessibility score of primary care facilities in Brazil was low (mean of 22, standard deviation (SD) of 0.21, on a 0–100 scale). Accessibility of different aspects of the healthcare facilities was also low, including external space (mean = 31.0, SD = 2.0), internal space (18.9, 1.9) and accessibility features for people with other visual or hearing impairments (6.3, SD = 1.0). Scores were consistently better in the least poor regions of Brazil and in facilities in larger municipality size (indicating more urban areas). In conclusion, large-scale accessibility audits are feasible to undertake. Poor accessibility means that people with disabilities will experience difficulties in accessing healthcare, and this is a violation of their rights according to international and Brazilian laws.

Suggested Citation

  • Alexandro Pinto & Luciana Sepúlveda Köptcke & Renata David & Hannah Kuper, 2021. "A National Accessibility Audit of Primary Health Care Facilities in Brazil—Are People with Disabilities Being Denied Their Right to Health?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(6), pages 1-11, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:6:p:2953-:d:516476
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Tess Bright & Hannah Kuper, 2018. "A Systematic Review of Access to General Healthcare Services for People with Disabilities in Low and Middle Income Countries," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-29, August.
    2. Arne H Eide & Hasheem Mannan & Mustafa Khogali & Gert van Rooy & Leslie Swartz & Alister Munthali & Karl-Gerhard Hem & Malcolm MacLachlan & Karin Dyrstad, 2015. "Perceived Barriers for Accessing Health Services among Individuals with Disability in Four African Countries," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(5), pages 1-13, May.
    3. Tess Bright & Sarah Wallace & Hannah Kuper, 2018. "A Systematic Review of Access to Rehabilitation for People with Disabilities in Low- and Middle-Income Countries," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-34, October.
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    2. Jinat Ara & Cecilia Sik-Lanyi, 2022. "Investigation of COVID-19 Vaccine Information Websites across Europe and Asia Using Automated Accessibility Protocols," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(5), pages 1-45, March.

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