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Load Measures in Training/Match Monitoring in Soccer: A Systematic Review

Author

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  • Mauro Miguel

    (Training Optimization and Sports Performance Research Group (GOERD), Sport Science Faculty, University of Extremadura, 10005 Caceres, Spain
    Sport Sciences School of Rio Maior, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
    Life Quality Research Centre (CIEQV), Polytechnic Institute of Santarem, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal)

  • Rafael Oliveira

    (Sport Sciences School of Rio Maior, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
    Life Quality Research Centre (CIEQV), Polytechnic Institute of Santarem, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
    Research Centre in Sport Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal)

  • Nuno Loureiro

    (Sport Sciences School of Rio Maior, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
    Life Quality Research Centre (CIEQV), Polytechnic Institute of Santarem, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal)

  • Javier García-Rubio

    (Training Optimization and Sports Performance Research Group (GOERD), Sport Science Faculty, University of Extremadura, 10005 Caceres, Spain)

  • Sergio J. Ibáñez

    (Training Optimization and Sports Performance Research Group (GOERD), Sport Science Faculty, University of Extremadura, 10005 Caceres, Spain)

Abstract

In soccer, the assessment of the load imposed by training and a match is recognized as a fundamental task at any competitive level. The objective of this study is to carry out a systematic review on internal and external load monitoring during training and/or a match, identifying the measures used. In addition, we wish to make recommendations that make it possible to standardize the classification and use of the different measures. The systematic review was carried out according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The search was conducted through the electronic database Web of Science, using the keywords “soccer” and “football”, each one with the terms “internal load”, “external load”, and “workload”. Of the 1223 studies initially identified, 82 were thoroughly analyzed and are part of this systematic review. Of these, 25 articles only report internal load data, 20 report only external load data, and 37 studies report both internal and external load measures. There is a huge number of load measures, which requires that soccer coaches select and focus their attention on the most useful and specific measures. Standardizing the classification of the different measures is vital in the organization of this task, as well as when it is intended to compare the results obtained in different investigations.

Suggested Citation

  • Mauro Miguel & Rafael Oliveira & Nuno Loureiro & Javier García-Rubio & Sergio J. Ibáñez, 2021. "Load Measures in Training/Match Monitoring in Soccer: A Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(5), pages 1-25, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:5:p:2721-:d:512735
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ângelo Brito & Paulo Roriz & Pedro Silva & Ricardo Duarte & Júlio Garganta, 2017. "Effects of pitch surface and playing position on external load activity profiles and technical demands of young soccer players in match play," International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 17(6), pages 902-918, November.
    2. Filipe Manuel Clemente & Alireza Rabbani & Daniele Conte & Daniel Castillo & José Afonso & Cain Craig Truman Clark & Pantelis Theodoros Nikolaidis & Thomas Rosemann & Beat Knechtle, 2019. "Training/Match External Load Ratios in Professional Soccer Players: A Full-Season Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(17), pages 1-11, August.
    3. D. García-Santos & M. A. Gómez-Ruano & A. Vaquera & S. J. Ibáñez, 2020. "Systematic review of basketball referees’ performances," International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 20(3), pages 495-533, May.
    4. María Reina & Javier García-Rubio & Sergio J. Ibáñez, 2020. "Training and Competition Load in Female Basketball: A Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(8), pages 1-15, April.
    5. Bryna C. R. Chrismas & Lee Taylor & Heidi R. Thornton & Andrew Murray & Graham Stark, 2019. "External training loads and smartphone-derived heart rate variability indicate readiness to train in elite soccer," International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 19(2), pages 143-152, March.
    6. David J Barron & Steve Atkins & Chris Edmundson & Dave Fewtrell, 2014. "Accelerometer derived load according to playing position in competitive youth soccer," International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 14(3), pages 734-743, December.
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    1. Romualdo Caldeira & Élvio Rúbio Gouveia & Andreas Ihle & Adilson Marques & Filipe Manuel Clemente & Helder Lopes & Ricardo Henriques & Hugo Sarmento, 2022. "The Relationship between Different Large-Sided Games and Official Matches on Professional Football Players’ Locomotor Intensity," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(7), pages 1-12, April.
    2. Renato Fernandes & João Paulo Brito & Luiz H. Palucci Vieira & Alexandre Duarte Martins & Filipe Manuel Clemente & Hadi Nobari & Victor Machado Reis & Rafael Oliveira, 2021. "In-Season Internal Load and Wellness Variations in Professional Women Soccer Players: Comparisons between Playing Positions and Status," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(23), pages 1-13, December.
    3. José E. Teixeira & Luís Branquinho & Ricardo Ferraz & Miguel Leal & António J. Silva & Tiago M. Barbosa & António M. Monteiro & Pedro Forte, 2022. "Weekly Training Load across a Standard Microcycle in a Sub-Elite Youth Football Academy: A Comparison between Starters and Non-Starters," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(18), pages 1-11, September.

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