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Acute Effects of a Single Bout of Walking on Affective Responses in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder

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  • Martin Niedermeier

    (Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria)

  • Larissa Ledochowski

    (Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria)

  • Hartmann Leitner

    (Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria)

  • Helmut Zingerle

    (Center for Mental Health Rehabilitation Bad Bachgart, 39030 Rodeneck, Italy)

  • Martin Kopp

    (Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria)

Abstract

Exercise programs are considered an effective (add-on) treatment option for depressive disorders. However, little is known about the acute effects of exercise on affective responses in in-patient settings. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to compare the effects of a single 30-min bout of walking on affective responses to a passive control condition in patients with major depressive disorder during treatment in a mental health center. In total, 23 in-patients were exposed to two conditions (duration: 30 min) using a within-subject design: an exercise (light–moderate walking outdoors) and a passive control condition (sitting and reading). Affective responses were assessed based on the Circumplex Model in four phases: pre, during, post, and two hours following the conditions. The main results include a significantly larger pre–post increase in energetic arousal in the exercise condition compared to the control condition, p = 0.012, η p ² = 0.25, but no significantly different pre–follow-up change between conditions, p = 0.093, η p ² = 0.12. Negatively valenced affective responses showed significantly stronger pre–post decreases after the exercise condition compared to the passive control condition, p < 0.036, η p ² > 0.18. Positively valenced affective response activity showed a pre–post increase in the exercise condition and a pre–post decrease in the passive control condition, p = 0.017, η p ² = 0.23. The higher-activated, positively valenced immediate response of light- to moderate-intensity walking may serve as an acute emotion regulation in patients with major depressive disorder and provide a favorable state for adherence to exercise programs.

Suggested Citation

  • Martin Niedermeier & Larissa Ledochowski & Hartmann Leitner & Helmut Zingerle & Martin Kopp, 2021. "Acute Effects of a Single Bout of Walking on Affective Responses in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-12, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:4:p:1524-:d:494187
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Martin Niedermeier & Carina Grafetstätter & Arnulf Hartl & Martin Kopp, 2017. "A Randomized Crossover Trial on Acute Stress-Related Physiological Responses to Mountain Hiking," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-14, August.
    2. Martin Niedermeier & Carina Grafetstätter & Martin Kopp & Daniela Huber & Michaela Mayr & Christina Pichler & Arnulf Hartl, 2019. "The Role of Anthropogenic Elements in the Environment for Affective States and Cortisol Concentration in Mountain Hiking—A Crossover Trial," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-16, January.
    3. Martin Niedermeier & Jürgen Einwanger & Arnulf Hartl & Martin Kopp, 2017. "Affective responses in mountain hiking—A randomized crossover trial focusing on differences between indoor and outdoor activity," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 12(5), pages 1-17, May.
    4. Martin Niedermeier & Elisabeth M. Weiss & Lisa Steidl-Müller & Martin Burtscher & Martin Kopp, 2020. "Acute Effects of a Short Bout of Physical Activity on Cognitive Function in Sport Students," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(10), pages 1-13, May.
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