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Inadequate Gestational Weight Gain and Exposure to Second-Hand Smoke during Pregnancy Increase the Risk of Low Birth Weight: A Cross-Sectional Study among Full-Term Infants

Author

Listed:
  • Muliana Edi

    (Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, Malaysia)

  • Yit Siew Chin

    (Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
    Research Centre of Excellence, Nutrition and Non-Communicable Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, Malaysia)

  • Fui Chee Woon

    (Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
    Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences, School of Mathematics and Applied Statistics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia)

  • Geeta Appannah

    (Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, Malaysia)

  • Poh Ying Lim

    (Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, Malaysia)

  • on behalf of the MICOS Research Group

    (Members of the Mother and Infant Cohort Study (MICOS) Group: Wan Ying Gan, Intan Hakimah Ismail, Amir Hamzah Abdul Latif, Marijka Batterham, Yoke Mun Chan, Siti Huzaifah Mohamed Hussien, Meng Lee Tan and Farhan Hassan Shazalli.)

Abstract

Despite the advancement of the healthcare system, low birth weight (LBW) remains as one of the leading causes of under-five mortality. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence of LBW and its associated factors among 483 third trimester pregnant women recruited from six selected public health clinics in the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur and the state of Selangor, Malaysia. Pregnant women were interviewed for information on socio-demographic characteristics, smoking behaviour, and second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure at home and in the workplace. Information on the obstetrical history and prenatal care visits history were retrieved from the maternal medical records, while infant’s birth outcomes were retrieved from infant medical records. The prevalence of LBW (<2.5 kg) in infants was 10.4%, with a mean birth weight of 3.0 [standard deviation (SD) 0.4] kg. Results from the multivariable logistic regression model showed that inadequate weight gained during pregnancy [odds ratio (OR) = 2.41, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.18–4.90] and exposure to SHS at home (OR = 1.92, 95% CI = 1.03–3.55) were significantly associated with LBW. In conclusion, pregnant women should monitor their rate of weight gain throughout pregnancy and avoid SHS exposure at home to reduce the risk of delivering LBW infants.

Suggested Citation

  • Muliana Edi & Yit Siew Chin & Fui Chee Woon & Geeta Appannah & Poh Ying Lim & on behalf of the MICOS Research Group, 2021. "Inadequate Gestational Weight Gain and Exposure to Second-Hand Smoke during Pregnancy Increase the Risk of Low Birth Weight: A Cross-Sectional Study among Full-Term Infants," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(3), pages 1-12, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:3:p:1068-:d:486913
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Jonas Minet Kinge, 2017. "Variation in the relationship between birth weight and subsequent obesity by household income," Health Economics Review, Springer, vol. 7(1), pages 1-9, December.
    2. Marzena Drozd-Dąbrowska & Renata Trusewicz & Maria Ganczak, 2018. "Selected Risk Factors of Developmental Delay in Polish Infants: A Case-Control Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-10, December.
    3. Martin Simko & Adrian Totka & Diana Vondrova & Martin Samohyl & Jana Jurkovicova & Michal Trnka & Anna Cibulkova & Juraj Stofko & Lubica Argalasova, 2019. "Maternal Body Mass Index and Gestational Weight Gain and Their Association with Pregnancy Complications and Perinatal Conditions," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(10), pages 1-11, May.
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    Cited by:

    1. Jigen Na & Huiting Chen & Hang An & Nan Li & Lailai Yan & Rongwei Ye & Zhiwen Li, 2022. "Association of Rare Earth Elements with Passive Smoking among Housewives in Shanxi Province, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(1), pages 1-12, January.

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