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Modulatory Effects of Physical Activity Levels on Immune Responses and General Clinical Functions in Adult Patients with Mild to Moderate SARS-CoV-2 Infections—A Protocol for an Observational Prospective Follow-Up Investigation: Fit-COVID-19 Study

Author

Listed:
  • Fábio Santos Lira

    (Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente 19060-900, SP, Brazil)

  • Telmo Pereira

    (Department of Clinical Physiology, Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra Health School, Rua 5 de Outubro-SM Bispo, Apartado 7006, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal
    Laboratory for Applied Health Research (LabinSaúde), Rua 5 de Outubro-SM Bispo, Apartado 7006, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal)

  • Luciele Guerra Minuzzi

    (Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente 19060-900, SP, Brazil)

  • Caique Figueiredo

    (Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente 19060-900, SP, Brazil)

  • Tiago Olean-Oliveira

    (Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente 19060-900, SP, Brazil)

  • Ana Paula Coelho Figueira Freire

    (Physiotherapy Department, Universidade do Oeste Paulista (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente 19050-900, SP, Brazil)

  • Manuel João Coelho-e-Silva

    (Centro de Investigação do Desporto e da Atividade Física, Faculdade de Ciências do Desporto e Educação Física, Universidade de Coimbra, CIDAF, 3030-779 Coimbra, Portugal)

  • Armando Caseiro

    (Department of Clinical Physiology, Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra Health School, Rua 5 de Outubro-SM Bispo, Apartado 7006, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal
    Laboratory for Applied Health Research (LabinSaúde), Rua 5 de Outubro-SM Bispo, Apartado 7006, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal)

  • Ronaldo Vagner Thomatieli-Santos

    (Department of Bioscience, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos 11000-000, SP, Brazil)

  • Vanessa Ribeiro Dos Santos

    (Skeletal Muscle Assessment Laboratory Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente 19060-900, SP, Brazil)

  • Luis Alberto Gobbo

    (Skeletal Muscle Assessment Laboratory Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente 19060-900, SP, Brazil)

  • Marília Seelaender

    (Cancer Metabolism Research Group, LIM26-HC, FMUSP, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 11000-000, SP, Brazil)

  • Karsten Krüger

    (Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Science, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35390 Giessen, Germany)

  • Ricardo Aurino Pinho

    (Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidade Catolica Do Parana, Curitiba 80000-000, PR, Brazil)

  • José Cesar Rosa-Neto

    (Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 01000-000, SP, Brazil)

  • Bruna Spolador de Alencar Silva

    (Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente 19060-900, SP, Brazil)

Abstract

Background: This proposal aims to explain some of the gaps in scientific knowledge on the natural history of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), with a specific focus on immune, inflammatory, and metabolic markers, in parallel with temporal assessment of clinical and mental health in patients with COVID-19. The study will explore the temporal modulatory effects of physical activity and body composition on individual trajectories. This approach will provide a better understanding of the survival mechanisms provided by the immunomodulatory role of physical fitness. Methods: We will conduct a prospective observational cohort study including adult patients previously infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus who have expressed a mild to moderate COVID-19 infection. Procedures will be conducted for all participants at baseline, six weeks after vaccination, and again at 12 months. At each visit, a venous blood sample will be collected for immune phenotypic characterization and biochemistry assays (inflammatory and metabolic parameters). Also, body composition, physical activity level, cardiovascular and pulmonary function, peripheral and respiratory muscle strength, functional exercise capacity, and mental health will be evaluated. Using the baseline information, participants will be grouped based on physical activity levels (sedentary versus active), body composition (normal weight versus overweight or obese), and SARS-CoV-2 status (positive versus negative). A sub-study will provide mechanistic evidence using an in-vitro assay based on well-trained individuals and age-matched sedentary controls who are negative for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Whole blood will be stimulated using recombinant human coronavirus to determine the cytokine profile. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy well-trained participants will be collected and treated with homologous serum (from the main study; samples collected before and after the vaccine) and recombinant coronavirus (inactive virus). The metabolism of PBMCs will be analyzed using Respirometry (Seahorse). Data will be analyzed using multilevel repeated-measures ANOVA. Conclusions: The data generated will help us answer three main questions: (1) Does the innate immune system of physically active individuals respond better to viral infections compared with that of sedentary people? (2) which functional and metabolic mechanisms explain the differences in responses in participants with different physical fitness levels? and (3) do these mechanisms have long-term positive modulatory effects on mental and cardiovascular health? Trial registration number: Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials: RBR-5dqvkv3. Registered on 21 September 2021.

Suggested Citation

  • Fábio Santos Lira & Telmo Pereira & Luciele Guerra Minuzzi & Caique Figueiredo & Tiago Olean-Oliveira & Ana Paula Coelho Figueira Freire & Manuel João Coelho-e-Silva & Armando Caseiro & Ronaldo Vagner, 2021. "Modulatory Effects of Physical Activity Levels on Immune Responses and General Clinical Functions in Adult Patients with Mild to Moderate SARS-CoV-2 Infections—A Protocol for an Observational Prospect," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(24), pages 1-13, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:24:p:13249-:d:703609
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Ana Paula Coelho Figueira Freire & Shaan Amin & Fabio Santos Lira & Ana Elisa von Ah Morano & Telmo Pereira & Manuel-João Coelho-E-Silva & Armando Caseiro & Diego Giulliano Destro Christofaro & Vaness, 2023. "Autonomic Function Recovery and Physical Activity Levels in Post-COVID-19 Young Adults after Immunization: An Observational Follow-Up Case-Control Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(3), pages 1-16, January.
    2. Ana Paula Coelho Figueira Freire & Fabio Santos Lira & Ana Elisa von Ah Morano & Telmo Pereira & Manuel-João Coelho-E-Silva & Armando Caseiro & Diego Giulliano Destro Christofaro & Osmar Marchioto Jún, 2022. "Role of Body Mass and Physical Activity in Autonomic Function Modulation on Post-COVID-19 Condition: An Observational Subanalysis of Fit-COVID Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(4), pages 1-17, February.

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