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Associations between Second-Hand Tobacco Smoke Exposure and Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Physical Activity, and Respiratory Health in Children

Author

Listed:
  • Melissa Parnell

    (Public Health Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L2 2QP, UK)

  • Lawrence Foweather

    (Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK)

  • Greg Whyte

    (Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK)

  • John Dickinson

    (School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Kent, Medway ME4 4AG, UK)

  • Ivan Gee

    (Public Health Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L2 2QP, UK)

Abstract

Background: Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and physical activity (PA) are associated with a plethora of positive health effects. Many UK children fail to meet the recommended level of PA, with an observed decline in CRF levels over recent decades. Second-hand tobacco smoke (SHS) is responsible for a significant proportion of the worldwide burden of disease, but little is understood regarding the impact of SHS exposure on CRF and PA in children. The aim of this study was to test the associations between SHS exposure and CRF, PA, and respiratory health in children. Method: Children (9–11 years) from UK primary schools in deprived areas participated (n = 104, 38 smoking households). Surveys determined household smoking, and exhaled carbon monoxide was used to indicate children’s recent SHS exposure. CRF (VO 2peak ) was assessed via maximal treadmill protocol using breath-by-breath analysis. Fractional exhaled nitric oxide and spirometry were utilised as indicators of respiratory health. Results: Linear regression models demonstrated that SHS exposure was negatively associated with allometrically scaled VO 2peak ( B = −3.8, p = 0.030) but not PA or respiratory health. Conclusion: The results indicate that SHS is detrimental to children’s CRF; given that approximately one-third of children are regularly exposed to SHS, this important finding has implications for both public health and the sport and exercise sciences.

Suggested Citation

  • Melissa Parnell & Lawrence Foweather & Greg Whyte & John Dickinson & Ivan Gee, 2021. "Associations between Second-Hand Tobacco Smoke Exposure and Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Physical Activity, and Respiratory Health in Children," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(21), pages 1-23, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:21:p:11445-:d:668990
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Reinskje Talhout & Thomas Schulz & Ewa Florek & Jan Van Benthem & Piet Wester & Antoon Opperhuizen, 2011. "Hazardous Compounds in Tobacco Smoke," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 8(2), pages 1-16, February.
    2. Mahmoud Zaqout & Krishna Vyncke & Luis A. Moreno & Pilar Miguel-Etayo & Fabio Lauria & Denes Molnar & Lauren Lissner & Monica Hunsberger & Toomas Veidebaum & Michael Tornaritis & Lucia A. Reisch & Kar, 2016. "Determinant factors of physical fitness in European children," International Journal of Public Health, Springer;Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), vol. 61(5), pages 573-582, June.
    3. Sungroul Kim, 2016. "Overview of Cotinine Cutoff Values for Smoking Status Classification," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-15, December.
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