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Effects of a Low-Carbohydrate High-Fat Diet Combined with High-Intensity Interval Training on Body Composition and Maximal Oxygen Uptake: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Author

Listed:
  • Jing Hu

    (School of Sports Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Zhen Wang

    (School of Sports Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Bingkai Lei

    (School of Sports Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China)

  • Junping Li

    (School of Sports Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China)

  • Ruiyuan Wang

    (School of Sports Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China)

Abstract

The low-carbohydrate high-fat (LCHF) diet has recently been subject to attention on account of its reported influences on body composition and physical performance. However, the combined effect of LCHF with high-intensity interval training (HIIT) is unclear. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to explore the effect of the LCHF diet combined with HIIT on human body composition (i.e., body weight (BM), body mass index (BMI), fat mass (FM), body fat percentage (BFP), fat-free mass (FFM)) and maximal oxygen uptake (VO 2max ). Online libraries (PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, EBSCO, CNKI, Wan Fang) were used to search initial studies until July 2021, from which 10 out of 2440 studies were included. WMD served as the effect size with a confidence interval value of 95%. The results of meta-analysis showed a significant reduction in BM (WMD = −5.299; 95% CI: −7.223, −3.376, p = 0.000), BMI (WMD = −1.150; 95% CI: −2.225, −0.075, p = 0.036), BFP (WMD = −2.787; 95% CI: −4.738, −0.835, p = 0.005) and a significant increase in VO 2max (WMD = 3.311; 95% CI: 1.705, 4.918, p = 0.000), while FM (WMD = −2.221; 95% CI: −4.582, 0.139, p = 0.065) and FFM (WMD = 0.487; 95% CI: −3.512, 4.469, p = 0.814) remained unchanged. In conclusion, the LCHF diet combined with HIIT can reduce weight and fat effectively. This combination is sufficient to prevent muscle mass loss during LCHF, and further enhance VO 2max . Further research might be required to clarify the effect of other types of exercise on body composition and physical performance during LCHF.

Suggested Citation

  • Jing Hu & Zhen Wang & Bingkai Lei & Junping Li & Ruiyuan Wang, 2021. "Effects of a Low-Carbohydrate High-Fat Diet Combined with High-Intensity Interval Training on Body Composition and Maximal Oxygen Uptake: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(20), pages 1-15, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:20:p:10740-:d:655294
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. LiQiang Su & JinMei Fu & ShunLi Sun & GuangGao Zhao & Wei Cheng & ChuanChuan Dou & MingHui Quan, 2019. "Effects of HIIT and MICT on cardiovascular risk factors in adults with overweight and/or obesity: A meta-analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 14(1), pages 1-21, January.
    2. Tatiana Moro & Giuseppe Marcolin & Antonino Bianco & Francesco Bolzetta & Linda Berton & Giuseppe Sergi & Antonio Paoli, 2020. "Effects of 6 Weeks of Traditional Resistance Training or High Intensity Interval Resistance Training on Body Composition, Aerobic Power and Strength in Healthy Young Subjects: A Randomized Parallel Tr," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(11), pages 1-16, June.
    3. Antonio Paoli, 2014. "Ketogenic Diet for Obesity: Friend or Foe?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-16, February.
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    Cited by:

    1. José Manuel Leiva-Valderrama & Adrián Montes-de-Oca-Garcia & Edgardo Opazo-Diaz & Jesus G. Ponce-Gonzalez & Guadalupe Molina-Torres & Daniel Velázquez-Díaz & Alejandro Galán-Mercant, 2021. "Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training on Inflammatory Biomarkers in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. A Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(23), pages 1-19, November.
    2. Zhicheng Guo & Jianguang Cai & Ziqiang Wu & Weiqi Gong, 2022. "Effect of High-Intensity Interval Training Combined with Fasting in the Treatment of Overweight and Obese Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(8), pages 1-20, April.

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