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Ketogenic Diet for Obesity: Friend or Foe?

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  • Antonio Paoli

    (Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova 35131, Italy)

Abstract

Obesity is reaching epidemic proportions and is a strong risk factor for a number of cardiovascular and metabolic disorders such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, and also certain types of cancers. Despite the constant recommendations of health care organizations regarding the importance of weight control, this goal often fails. Genetic predisposition in combination with inactive lifestyles and high caloric intake leads to excessive weight gain. Even though there may be agreement about the concept that lifestyle changes affecting dietary habits and physical activity are essential to promote weight loss and weight control, the ideal amount and type of exercise and also the ideal diet are still under debate. For many years, nutritional intervention studies have been focused on reducing dietary fat with little positive results over the long-term. One of the most studied strategies in the recent years for weight loss is the ketogenic diet. Many studies have shown that this kind of nutritional approach has a solid physiological and biochemical basis and is able to induce effective weight loss along with improvement in several cardiovascular risk parameters. This review discusses the physiological basis of ketogenic diets and the rationale for their use in obesity, discussing the strengths and the weaknesses of these diets together with cautions that should be used in obese patients.

Suggested Citation

  • Antonio Paoli, 2014. "Ketogenic Diet for Obesity: Friend or Foe?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-16, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:11:y:2014:i:2:p:2092-2107:d:33061
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Hiroshi Noto & Atsushi Goto & Tetsuro Tsujimoto & Mitsuhiko Noda, 2013. "Low-Carbohydrate Diets and All-Cause Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 8(1), pages 1-10, January.
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    Cited by:

    1. Jing Hu & Zhen Wang & Bingkai Lei & Junping Li & Ruiyuan Wang, 2021. "Effects of a Low-Carbohydrate High-Fat Diet Combined with High-Intensity Interval Training on Body Composition and Maximal Oxygen Uptake: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(20), pages 1-15, October.
    2. Chong Zhou & Meng Wang & Jiling Liang & Guomin He & Ning Chen, 2022. "Ketogenic Diet Benefits to Weight Loss, Glycemic Control, and Lipid Profiles in Overweight Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trails," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(16), pages 1-12, August.

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