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Predicting Ego Integrity Using Prior Ego Development Stages for Older Adults in the Community

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  • Pei-Yun Chen

    (Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan)

  • Wen-Chao Ho

    (Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan)

  • Chyi Lo

    (School of Nursing, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
    Department of Nursing, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404332, Taiwan)

  • Tzu-Pei Yeh

    (School of Nursing, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
    Department of Nursing, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404332, Taiwan)

Abstract

Background: Erikson’s ego development theory is the most accepted theory that involves eight stages of psychosocial development over an individual`s all lifespan. The result of development in prior stages will influence the later stages. The elderly were mainly characterized by the central developmental tasks: achieving ego integrity vs. despair. The harvest in the last stage will be related to the attitude of facing death in the elderly. Methods: A cross-sectional study of elderly age from 65 to 90 years old ( n = 292) was carried out and investigated via the Inventory of Psychosocial Balance. Pearson correlation and path analysis were performed in order to analyze the direct and indirect effect among the first seven stages with the eighth stage. Results: We found that all the eight stages were significantly related to each other, and comparing to the previous seven stages, “the generativity stage” (r = 0.77) was the most relevant stage with “ego integrity”. In all indirect and direct effects, the seventh stage had the greatest impact on the “ego integrity stage”; the direct effect was 0.89. Conclusions: Compared to the whole lifespan, adulthood possessed a higher influence on the elderly stage. We found that all the eight stages were significantly related to each other, and comparing the first seven stages, the “generativity stage” (r = 0.77) was the most relevant stage to “ego integrity”. Conclusions: Compared to the whole lifespan, adulthood possessed a higher influence on the elderly stage.

Suggested Citation

  • Pei-Yun Chen & Wen-Chao Ho & Chyi Lo & Tzu-Pei Yeh, 2021. "Predicting Ego Integrity Using Prior Ego Development Stages for Older Adults in the Community," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(18), pages 1-9, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:18:p:9490-:d:631695
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Monika Ardelt & Kathryn R Gerlach & George E Vaillant, 2018. "Early and Midlife Predictors of Wisdom and Subjective Well-Being in Old Age," The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, The Gerontological Society of America, vol. 73(8), pages 1514-1525.
    2. Jessie Dezutter & Loren Toussaint & Mia Leijssen, 2016. "Forgiveness, Ego-Integrity, and Depressive Symptoms in Community-Dwelling and Residential Elderly Adults," The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, The Gerontological Society of America, vol. 71(5), pages 786-797.
    3. Gerben J. Westerhof & Ernst T. Bohlmeijer & Dan P. McAdams, 2017. "The Relation of Ego Integrity and Despair to Personality Traits and Mental Health," The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, The Gerontological Society of America, vol. 72(3), pages 400-407.
    4. Jarron M. Saint Onge & Patrick M. Krueger & Richard G. Rogers, 2014. "The Relationship Between Major Depression and Nonsuicide Mortality for U.S. Adults: The Importance of Health Behaviors," The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, The Gerontological Society of America, vol. 69(4), pages 622-632.
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    Cited by:

    1. Kumiko Nonaka & Hiroshi Murayama & Yoh Murayama & Sachiko Murayama & Masataka Kuraoka & Yuta Nemoto & Erika Kobayashi & Yoshinori Fujiwara, 2023. "The Impact of Generativity on Maintaining Higher-Level Functional Capacity of Older Adults: A Longitudinal Study in Japan," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(11), pages 1-10, May.

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