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Relationship between Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Anthropometric Measurements among Saudi Female Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study

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  • Abeer Ahmad Bahathig

    (Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
    Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Home Economic, Northern Border University, Arar 91431, Saudi Arabia)

  • Hazizi Abu Saad

    (Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia)

  • Nor Baizura Md Yusop

    (Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia)

  • Nurul Husna Mohd Shukri

    (Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia)

  • Maha M. Essam El-Din

    (Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Home Economic, Northern Border University, Arar 91431, Saudi Arabia
    Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Home Economics, Helwan University, Cairo 11790, Egypt)

Abstract

Overweight and obesity are becoming increasingly prevalent among children and adolescents in Saudi Arabia and are an emerging cause of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Lifestyle factors, such as insufficient levels of physical activity and sedentary behaviors, are responsible for the increased prevalence of NCDs. This study aimed to determine the association between physical activity levels, sedentary behaviors, and anthropometric measurements in Saudi female adolescents. A cross-sectional study was carried out among 399 healthy female adolescent students aged 13–14 years in Arar, Saudi Arabia. The participants were randomly selected from different schools and their anthropometric measurements were determined. The Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C) and the Adolescent Sedentary Activity Questionnaire (ASAQ) were used to assess their physical activity levels and sedentary behaviors, and an analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS software version 25. A multiple linear regression model was used to determine the association between the variables. The majority of the participants had a normal body mass index (BMI; 79.4%) and waist circumference (WC; 62.4%). A total of 74.4% had waist to height ratio (WHtR) < 0.5. About 92.7% of the participants were not meeting PA recommendations of 60 min of moderate to vigorous physical activity daily. The overall mean time spent on sedentary activities was high on both weekdays and weekend days at 357.64 ± 86.29 and 470.51 ± 147.64 min/day, respectively. Moreover, anthropometric measurement (BMI) was positively associated with age and negatively associated with sedentary behavior on weekends, while WHtR was positively associated with age. The multiple linear regression analysis also showed that age and sedentary behavior significantly predicted BMI among the study participants (F (2, 396) = 4.346, p < 0.014) and age was the only significant predictor of WHtR (F (1, 397) = 16.191, p ≤ 0.001). This study revealed that most of the female Saudi adolescents undertook low levels of activity and high levels of sedentary behaviors. Sedentary behaviors were significantly associated with their BMI. Accordingly, an intervention program on healthy lifestyles is important to improve Saudi female adolescents’ lifestyles.

Suggested Citation

  • Abeer Ahmad Bahathig & Hazizi Abu Saad & Nor Baizura Md Yusop & Nurul Husna Mohd Shukri & Maha M. Essam El-Din, 2021. "Relationship between Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Anthropometric Measurements among Saudi Female Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(16), pages 1-14, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:16:p:8461-:d:612026
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Abeer Ahmad Bahathig & Hazizi Abu Saad, 2022. "The Effects of a Physical Activity, Nutrition, and Body Image Intervention on Girls in Intermediate Schools in Saudi Arabia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(18), pages 1-15, September.
    2. Jesús Granero-Jiménez & María Mar López-Rodríguez & Iria Dobarrio-Sanz & Alda Elena Cortés-Rodríguez, 2022. "Influence of Physical Exercise on Psychological Well-Being of Young Adults: A Quantitative Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(7), pages 1-14, April.

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