IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v18y2021i11p5943-d566940.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

The Effects of Children’s Smartphone Addiction on Sleep Duration: The Moderating Effects of Gender and Age

Author

Listed:
  • Ji-Yeon Yoon

    (Institute for Life and Culture, Sogang University, Seoul 04100, Korea)

  • Kyu-Hyoung Jeong

    (Department of Social Welfare, Semyung University, Jecheon 27136, Korea)

  • Heeran J. Cho

    (Department of Health Administration, Yonsei University, Seoul 03021, Korea)

Abstract

Background: Smartphones are an important part of children’s and adolescents’ lives, and they often spend a lot of time using them. This study aims to precisely discover the effects of smartphone addiction on sleep duration as moderated by age and gender. Materials and methods: The data utilized in this study are from the ‘Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey 2018′ by the National Youth Policy Institute; a total of 4940 youths (2399 in grade 4 and 2541 in grade 7) from the survey were analyzed by Stata 15.0 S. The dependent variable is sleep duration, and the independent variables are the sub-factors of smartphone addiction: disturbance of adaptive functions, virtual life orientation, withdrawal, and tolerance. An independent t -test was conducted to confirm the differences in the main variables according to gender and age. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to verify the moderating effects of gender and age in the relationship between children’s smartphone addiction and sleep duration. Results: First, the average sleep duration among grade 4 students was 9.17 h and grade 7 students was 7.96 h. Second, sleep duration was significantly higher for males than females, while there was no difference in smartphone addiction by gender. Third, smartphone addiction, particularly the sub-factor of tolerance significantly affected sleep duration. Fourth, age significantly affected sleep duration and gender had a moderating effect on sleep duration. Conclusions: Interventions to develop a healthy smartphone usage culture on family and societal levels would be beneficial for increasing awareness of smartphone addiction and its adverse effects on children and adolescents. Furthermore, targeted intervention would be more effective at modifying addictive behavior and sleep duration than trying to administer blanket interventions to youths as a whole.

Suggested Citation

  • Ji-Yeon Yoon & Kyu-Hyoung Jeong & Heeran J. Cho, 2021. "The Effects of Children’s Smartphone Addiction on Sleep Duration: The Moderating Effects of Gender and Age," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(11), pages 1-11, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:11:p:5943-:d:566940
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/11/5943/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/11/5943/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Christoph Augner & Gerhard Hacker, 2012. "Associations between problematic mobile phone use and psychological parameters in young adults," International Journal of Public Health, Springer;Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), vol. 57(2), pages 437-441, April.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Yi-Ying Wu & Wen-Huei Chou, 2023. "A Bibliometric Analysis to Identify Research Trends in Intervention Programs for Smartphone Addiction," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(5), pages 1-16, February.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Alina Duduciuc, 2014. "Teenagers And The Use Of New Technologies (Ict) For Health Information," Studies and Scientific Researches. Economics Edition, "Vasile Alecsandri" University of Bacau, Faculty of Economic Sciences, issue 20.
    2. David Bickham & Yulin Hswen & Michael Rich, 2015. "Media use and depression: exposure, household rules, and symptoms among young adolescents in the USA," International Journal of Public Health, Springer;Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), vol. 60(2), pages 147-155, February.
    3. Sara Thomée, 2018. "Mobile Phone Use and Mental Health. A Review of the Research That Takes a Psychological Perspective on Exposure," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-25, November.
    4. Milena Foerster & Katharina Roser & Anna Schoeni & Martin Röösli, 2015. "Problematic mobile phone use in adolescents: derivation of a short scale MPPUS-10," International Journal of Public Health, Springer;Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), vol. 60(2), pages 277-286, February.
    5. Dian-Jeng Li & Yu-Ping Chang & Yi-Lung Chen & Cheng-Fang Yen, 2020. "Mediating Effects of Emotional Symptoms on the Association between Homophobic Bullying Victimization and Problematic Internet/Smartphone Use among Gay and Bisexual Men in Taiwan," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(10), pages 1-10, May.
    6. Venetia Notara & Elissavet Vagka & Areti Lagiou & Charalambos Gnardellis, 2023. "Perceived Health and Nomophobia among Young Adults: The Mediating Role of Depression and Stress," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-12, December.
    7. Haruka Tamura & Tomoko Nishida & Akiyo Tsuji & Hisataka Sakakibara, 2017. "Association between Excessive Use of Mobile Phone and Insomnia and Depression among Japanese Adolescents," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-11, June.
    8. Roberto P. Q. Falcao & J. B. Ferreira & Murilo Carrazedo Marques da Costa Filho, 2019. "The influence of ubiquitous connectivity, trust, personality and generational effects on mobile tourism purchases," Information Technology & Tourism, Springer, vol. 21(4), pages 483-514, December.
    9. Shuman Tao & Xiaoyan Wu & Yukun Zhang & Shichen Zhang & Shilu Tong & Fangbiao Tao, 2017. "Effects of Sleep Quality on the Association between Problematic Mobile Phone Use and Mental Health Symptoms in Chinese College Students," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(2), pages 1-10, February.
    10. T. S. Stumpf & Christopher B. Califf & Joshua J. Frye, 2020. "Technological metaworlds in travel," Information Technology & Tourism, Springer, vol. 22(2), pages 273-296, June.
    11. Mette Rasmussen & Charlotte Meilstrup & Pernille Bendtsen & Trine Pedersen & Line Nielsen & Katrine Madsen & Bjørn Holstein, 2015. "Perceived problems with computer gaming and Internet use are associated with poorer social relations in adolescence," International Journal of Public Health, Springer;Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), vol. 60(2), pages 179-188, February.
    12. Buctot, Danilo B. & Kim, Nami & Kim, Jinsoo Jason, 2020. "Factors associated with smartphone addiction prevalence and its predictive capacity for health-related quality of life among Filipino adolescents," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 110(C).
    13. David Smahel & Michelle Wright & Martina Cernikova, 2015. "The impact of digital media on health: children’s perspectives," International Journal of Public Health, Springer;Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), vol. 60(2), pages 131-137, February.
    14. Kashif Farhat & Wajeeha Aslam & Imtiaz Arif & Zohaib Ahmed, 2022. "Does the Dark Side of Personality Traits Explain Compulsive Smartphone Use of Higher Education Students? The Interaction Effect of Dark Side of Personality with Desirability and Feasibility of Smartph," IIM Kozhikode Society & Management Review, , vol. 11(1), pages 62-74, January.
    15. Graciela Tonon & María Juliana Laurito & Denise Benatuil, 2019. "Leisure, Free Time and Well-Being of 10 Years Old Children Living in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina," Applied Research in Quality of Life, Springer;International Society for Quality-of-Life Studies, vol. 14(3), pages 637-658, July.
    16. Myriam Forster & Christopher J. Rogers & Steven Sussman & Jonathan Watts & Tahsin Rahman & Sheila Yu & Stephanie M. Benjamin, 2021. "Can Adverse Childhood Experiences Heighten Risk for Problematic Internet and Smartphone Use? Findings from a College Sample," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(11), pages 1-15, June.
    17. Zubair Ahmed Ratan & Anne-Maree Parrish & Mohammad Saud Alotaibi & Hassan Hosseinzadeh, 2022. "Prevalence of Smartphone Addiction and Its Association with Sociodemographic, Physical and Mental Well-Being: A Cross-Sectional Study among the Young Adults of Bangladesh," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(24), pages 1-11, December.
    18. Mohammad Saud Alotaibi & Mim Fox & Robyn Coman & Zubair Ahmed Ratan & Hassan Hosseinzadeh, 2022. "Smartphone Addiction Prevalence and Its Association on Academic Performance, Physical Health, and Mental Well-Being among University Students in Umm Al-Qura University (UQU), Saudi Arabia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(6), pages 1-17, March.
    19. Milena Foerster & Andrea Henneke & Shala Chetty-Mhlanga & Martin Röösli, 2019. "Impact of Adolescents’ Screen Time and Nocturnal Mobile Phone-Related Awakenings on Sleep and General Health Symptoms: A Prospective Cohort Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-14, February.
    20. Chanhee Kim & Kyung Im Kang & Nayoon Lee, 2020. "Intergenerational Transmissions of Mother–Adolescent Smartphone Dependency: The Mediating Role of Negative Parenting and the Moderating Role of Gender," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(16), pages 1-13, August.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:11:p:5943-:d:566940. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.