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Exposure to Organophosphate and Neonicotinoid Insecticides and Its Association with Steroid Hormones among Male Reproductive-Age Farmworkers in Northern Thailand

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  • Neeranuch Suwannarin

    (Ph.D. Degree Program in Environmental Science, Environmental Science Research Center, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
    Research Institute for Health Sciences (RIHES), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
    Health and Environmental Risk Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan)

  • Tippawan Prapamontol

    (Research Institute for Health Sciences (RIHES), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand)

  • Tomohiko Isobe

    (Health and Environmental Risk Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan)

  • Yukiko Nishihama

    (Health and Environmental Risk Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan)

  • Yuki Hashimoto

    (Health and Environmental Risk Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan)

  • Ampica Mangklabruks

    (Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand)

  • Tawiwan Pantasri

    (Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand)

  • Somporn Chantara

    (Environmental Science Research Center, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand)

  • Warangkana Naksen

    (Faculty of Public Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand)

  • Shoji F. Nakayama

    (Health and Environmental Risk Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan)

Abstract

Several studies indicated organophosphate (OP) and neonicotinoid (NEO) insecticides are endocrine disruptors; however, data are scarce. This cross-sectional study recruited 143 male farmworkers aged 18–40 years in Fang district, Chiang Mai province, northern Thailand. OP exposure was assessed by measuring urinary dialkylphosphate (DAPs) using a gas-chromatography flame photometric detector. Urinary NEOs, their metabolites (NEO/m) and serum steroid hormones were measured using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Characteristics of participants were determined by face-to-face interviews. DAPs and five NEO/m were detected in more than 60% of samples. The concentration of diethylphosphate was highest among DAP metabolites (geometric mean concentration (GM: 23.9 ng/mL) and the concentration of imidacloprid (IMI) was highest among NEO/m (GM: 17.4 ng/mL). Linear regression models showed that the IMI level was positively associated with testosterone, dehydrocorticosterone (DHC) and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) levels. Imidacloprid-olefin and DHEA levels were positively associated. Thiamethoxam (THX) were inversely associated with DHC and deoxycorticosterone levels. Clothianidin (CLO), THX and N-desmethyl-acetamiprid levels were positively associated with the androstenedione level. CLO and THX levels were inversely associated with the cortisone level. In conclusion, the association between NEO insecticides exposure and adrenal androgens, glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids, suggest potential steroidogenesis activities. Our findings warrant further investigation.

Suggested Citation

  • Neeranuch Suwannarin & Tippawan Prapamontol & Tomohiko Isobe & Yukiko Nishihama & Yuki Hashimoto & Ampica Mangklabruks & Tawiwan Pantasri & Somporn Chantara & Warangkana Naksen & Shoji F. Nakayama, 2021. "Exposure to Organophosphate and Neonicotinoid Insecticides and Its Association with Steroid Hormones among Male Reproductive-Age Farmworkers in Northern Thailand," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(11), pages 1-16, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:11:p:5599-:d:561089
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Neeranuch Suwannarin & Tippawan Prapamontol & Tomohiko Isobe & Yukiko Nishihama & Shoji F. Nakayama, 2020. "Characteristics of Exposure of Reproductive-Age Farmworkers in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand, to Organophosphate and Neonicotinoid Insecticides: A Pilot Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(21), pages 1-14, October.
    2. Chao Zhang & Tiziana Schilirò & Marta Gea & Silvia Bianchi & Angelo Spinello & Alessandra Magistrato & Gianfranco Gilardi & Giovanna Di Nardo, 2020. "Molecular Basis for Endocrine Disruption by Pesticides Targeting Aromatase and Estrogen Receptor," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(16), pages 1-18, August.
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    1. Neeranuch Suwannarin & Tippawan Prapamontol & Tomohiko Isobe & Yukiko Nishihama & Ampica Mangklabruks & Tawiwan Pantasri & Somporn Chantara & Warangkana Naksen & Shoji F. Nakayama, 2021. "Association between Haematological Parameters and Exposure to a Mixture of Organophosphate and Neonicotinoid Insecticides among Male Farmworkers in Northern Thailand," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(20), pages 1-14, October.

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